QEMU QMP Reference Manual

Introduction

This document describes all commands currently supported by QMP.

Most of the time their usage is exactly the same as in the user Monitor, this means that any other document which also describe commands (the manpage, QEMU’s manual, etc) can and should be consulted.

QMP has two types of commands: regular and query commands. Regular commands usually change the Virtual Machine’s state someway, while query commands just return information. The sections below are divided accordingly.

It’s important to observe that all communication examples are formatted in a reader-friendly way, so that they’re easier to understand. However, in real protocol usage, they’re emitted as a single line.

Also, the following notation is used to denote data flow:

Example:

-> data issued by the Client
<- Server data response

Please, refer to the QMP specification (docs/interop/qmp-spec.txt) for detailed information on the Server command and response formats.

Stability Considerations

The current QMP command set (described in this file) may be useful for a number of use cases, however it’s limited and several commands have bad defined semantics, specially with regard to command completion.

These problems are going to be solved incrementally in the next QEMU releases and we’re going to establish a deprecation policy for badly defined commands.

If you’re planning to adopt QMP, please observe the following:

1. The deprecation policy will take effect and be documented soon, please check the documentation of each used command as soon as a new release of QEMU is available

2. DO NOT rely on anything which is not explicit documented

3. Errors, in special, are not documented. Applications should NOT check for specific errors classes or data (it’s strongly recommended to only check for the “error” key)

QMP errors

QapiErrorClass (Enum)

QEMU error classes

Values

GenericError

this is used for errors that don’t require a specific error class. This should be the default case for most errors

CommandNotFound

the requested command has not been found

DeviceNotActive

a device has failed to be become active

DeviceNotFound

the requested device has not been found

KVMMissingCap

the requested operation can’t be fulfilled because a required KVM capability is missing

Since

1.2

Common data types

IoOperationType (Enum)

An enumeration of the I/O operation types

Values

read

read operation

write

write operation

Since

2.1

OnOffAuto (Enum)

An enumeration of three options: on, off, and auto

Values

auto

QEMU selects the value between on and off

on

Enabled

off

Disabled

Since

2.2

OnOffSplit (Enum)

An enumeration of three values: on, off, and split

Values

on

Enabled

off

Disabled

split

Mixed

Since

2.6

String (Object)

A fat type wrapping ‘str’, to be embedded in lists.

Members

str: string

Not documented

Since

1.2

StrOrNull (Alternate)

This is a string value or the explicit lack of a string (null pointer in C). Intended for cases when ‘optional absent’ already has a different meaning.

Members

s: string

the string value

n: null

no string value

Since

2.10

OffAutoPCIBAR (Enum)

An enumeration of options for specifying a PCI BAR

Values

off

The specified feature is disabled

auto

The PCI BAR for the feature is automatically selected

bar0

PCI BAR0 is used for the feature

bar1

PCI BAR1 is used for the feature

bar2

PCI BAR2 is used for the feature

bar3

PCI BAR3 is used for the feature

bar4

PCI BAR4 is used for the feature

bar5

PCI BAR5 is used for the feature

Since

2.12

PCIELinkSpeed (Enum)

An enumeration of PCIe link speeds in units of GT/s

Values

2_5

2.5GT/s

5

5.0GT/s

8

8.0GT/s

16

16.0GT/s

Since

4.0

PCIELinkWidth (Enum)

An enumeration of PCIe link width

Values

1

x1

2

x2

4

x4

8

x8

12

x12

16

x16

32

x32

Since

4.0

HostMemPolicy (Enum)

Host memory policy types

Values

default

restore default policy, remove any nondefault policy

preferred

set the preferred host nodes for allocation

bind

a strict policy that restricts memory allocation to the host nodes specified

interleave

memory allocations are interleaved across the set of host nodes specified

Since

2.1

NetFilterDirection (Enum)

Indicates whether a netfilter is attached to a netdev’s transmit queue or receive queue or both.

Values

all

the filter is attached both to the receive and the transmit queue of the netdev (default).

rx

the filter is attached to the receive queue of the netdev, where it will receive packets sent to the netdev.

tx

the filter is attached to the transmit queue of the netdev, where it will receive packets sent by the netdev.

Since

2.5

GrabToggleKeys (Enum)

Keys to toggle input-linux between host and guest.

Values

ctrl-ctrl

Not documented

alt-alt

Not documented

shift-shift

Not documented

meta-meta

Not documented

scrolllock

Not documented

ctrl-scrolllock

Not documented

Since

4.0

Socket data types

NetworkAddressFamily (Enum)

The network address family

Values

ipv4

IPV4 family

ipv6

IPV6 family

unix

unix socket

vsock

vsock family (since 2.8)

unknown

otherwise

Since

2.1

InetSocketAddressBase (Object)

Members

host: string

host part of the address

port: string

port part of the address

InetSocketAddress (Object)

Captures a socket address or address range in the Internet namespace.

Members

numeric: boolean (optional)

true if the host/port are guaranteed to be numeric, false if name resolution should be attempted. Defaults to false. (Since 2.9)

to: int (optional)

If present, this is range of possible addresses, with port between port and to.

ipv4: boolean (optional)

whether to accept IPv4 addresses, default try both IPv4 and IPv6

ipv6: boolean (optional)

whether to accept IPv6 addresses, default try both IPv4 and IPv6

keep-alive: boolean (optional)

enable keep-alive when connecting to this socket. Not supported for passive sockets. (Since 4.2)

The members of InetSocketAddressBase

Since

1.3

UnixSocketAddress (Object)

Captures a socket address in the local (“Unix socket”) namespace.

Members

path: string

filesystem path to use

abstract: boolean (optional) (If: defined(CONFIG_LINUX))

if true, this is a Linux abstract socket address. path will be prefixed by a null byte, and optionally padded with null bytes. Defaults to false. (Since 5.1)

tight: boolean (optional) (If: defined(CONFIG_LINUX))

if false, pad an abstract socket address with enough null bytes to make it fill struct sockaddr_un member sun_path. Defaults to true. (Since 5.1)

Since

1.3

VsockSocketAddress (Object)

Captures a socket address in the vsock namespace.

Members

cid: string

unique host identifier

port: string

port

Note

string types are used to allow for possible future hostname or service resolution support.

Since

2.8

SocketAddressLegacy (Object)

Captures the address of a socket, which could also be a named file descriptor

Members

type

One of inet, unix, vsock, fd

data: InetSocketAddress when type is "inet"

data: UnixSocketAddress when type is "unix"

data: VsockSocketAddress when type is "vsock"

data: String when type is "fd"

Note

This type is deprecated in favor of SocketAddress. The difference between SocketAddressLegacy and SocketAddress is that the latter is a flat union rather than a simple union. Flat is nicer because it avoids nesting on the wire, i.e. that form has fewer {}.

Since

1.3

SocketAddressType (Enum)

Available SocketAddress types

Values

inet

Internet address

unix

Unix domain socket

vsock

VMCI address

fd

decimal is for file descriptor number, otherwise a file descriptor name. Named file descriptors are permitted in monitor commands, in combination with the ‘getfd’ command. Decimal file descriptors are permitted at startup or other contexts where no monitor context is active.

Since

2.9

SocketAddress (Object)

Captures the address of a socket, which could also be a named file descriptor

Members

type: SocketAddressType

Transport type

The members of InetSocketAddress when type is "inet"

The members of UnixSocketAddress when type is "unix"

The members of VsockSocketAddress when type is "vsock"

The members of String when type is "fd"

Since

2.9

VM run state

RunState (Enum)

An enumeration of VM run states.

Values

debug

QEMU is running on a debugger

finish-migrate

guest is paused to finish the migration process

inmigrate

guest is paused waiting for an incoming migration. Note that this state does not tell whether the machine will start at the end of the migration. This depends on the command-line -S option and any invocation of ‘stop’ or ‘cont’ that has happened since QEMU was started.

internal-error

An internal error that prevents further guest execution has occurred

io-error

the last IOP has failed and the device is configured to pause on I/O errors

paused

guest has been paused via the ‘stop’ command

postmigrate

guest is paused following a successful ‘migrate’

prelaunch

QEMU was started with -S and guest has not started

restore-vm

guest is paused to restore VM state

running

guest is actively running

save-vm

guest is paused to save the VM state

shutdown

guest is shut down (and -no-shutdown is in use)

suspended

guest is suspended (ACPI S3)

watchdog

the watchdog action is configured to pause and has been triggered

guest-panicked

guest has been panicked as a result of guest OS panic

colo

guest is paused to save/restore VM state under colo checkpoint, VM can not get into this state unless colo capability is enabled for migration. (since 2.8)

ShutdownCause (Enum)

An enumeration of reasons for a Shutdown.

Values

none

No shutdown request pending

host-error

An error prevents further use of guest

host-qmp-quit

Reaction to the QMP command ‘quit’

host-qmp-system-reset

Reaction to the QMP command ‘system_reset’

host-signal

Reaction to a signal, such as SIGINT

host-ui

Reaction to a UI event, like window close

guest-shutdown

Guest shutdown/suspend request, via ACPI or other hardware-specific means

guest-reset

Guest reset request, and command line turns that into a shutdown

guest-panic

Guest panicked, and command line turns that into a shutdown

subsystem-reset

Partial guest reset that does not trigger QMP events and ignores –no-reboot. This is useful for sanitizing hypercalls on s390 that are used during kexec/kdump/boot

StatusInfo (Object)

Information about VCPU run state

Members

running: boolean

true if all VCPUs are runnable, false if not runnable

singlestep: boolean

true if VCPUs are in single-step mode

status: RunState

the virtual machine RunState

Since

0.14

Notes

singlestep is enabled through the GDB stub

query-status (Command)

Query the run status of all VCPUs

Returns

StatusInfo reflecting all VCPUs

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-status" }
<- { "return": { "running": true,
                 "singlestep": false,
                 "status": "running" } }

SHUTDOWN (Event)

Emitted when the virtual machine has shut down, indicating that qemu is about to exit.

Arguments

guest: boolean

If true, the shutdown was triggered by a guest request (such as a guest-initiated ACPI shutdown request or other hardware-specific action) rather than a host request (such as sending qemu a SIGINT). (since 2.10)

reason: ShutdownCause

The ShutdownCause which resulted in the SHUTDOWN. (since 4.0)

Note

If the command-line option “-no-shutdown” has been specified, qemu will not exit, and a STOP event will eventually follow the SHUTDOWN event

Since

0.12

Example

<- { "event": "SHUTDOWN", "data": { "guest": true },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267040730, "microseconds": 682951 } }

POWERDOWN (Event)

Emitted when the virtual machine is powered down through the power control system, such as via ACPI.

Since

0.12

Example

<- { "event": "POWERDOWN",
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267040730, "microseconds": 682951 } }

RESET (Event)

Emitted when the virtual machine is reset

Arguments

guest: boolean

If true, the reset was triggered by a guest request (such as a guest-initiated ACPI reboot request or other hardware-specific action) rather than a host request (such as the QMP command system_reset). (since 2.10)

reason: ShutdownCause

The ShutdownCause of the RESET. (since 4.0)

Since

0.12

Example

<- { "event": "RESET", "data": { "guest": false },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267041653, "microseconds": 9518 } }

STOP (Event)

Emitted when the virtual machine is stopped

Since

0.12

Example

<- { "event": "STOP",
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267041730, "microseconds": 281295 } }

RESUME (Event)

Emitted when the virtual machine resumes execution

Since

0.12

Example

<- { "event": "RESUME",
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1271770767, "microseconds": 582542 } }

SUSPEND (Event)

Emitted when guest enters a hardware suspension state, for example, S3 state, which is sometimes called standby state

Since

1.1

Example

<- { "event": "SUSPEND",
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1344456160, "microseconds": 309119 } }

SUSPEND_DISK (Event)

Emitted when guest enters a hardware suspension state with data saved on disk, for example, S4 state, which is sometimes called hibernate state

Note

QEMU shuts down (similar to event SHUTDOWN) when entering this state

Since

1.2

Example

<-   { "event": "SUSPEND_DISK",
       "timestamp": { "seconds": 1344456160, "microseconds": 309119 } }

WAKEUP (Event)

Emitted when the guest has woken up from suspend state and is running

Since

1.1

Example

<- { "event": "WAKEUP",
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1344522075, "microseconds": 745528 } }

WATCHDOG (Event)

Emitted when the watchdog device’s timer is expired

Arguments

action: WatchdogAction

action that has been taken

Note

If action is “reset”, “shutdown”, or “pause” the WATCHDOG event is followed respectively by the RESET, SHUTDOWN, or STOP events

Note

This event is rate-limited.

Since

0.13

Example

<- { "event": "WATCHDOG",
     "data": { "action": "reset" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267061043, "microseconds": 959568 } }

WatchdogAction (Enum)

An enumeration of the actions taken when the watchdog device’s timer is expired

Values

reset

system resets

shutdown

system shutdown, note that it is similar to powerdown, which tries to set to system status and notify guest

poweroff

system poweroff, the emulator program exits

pause

system pauses, similar to stop

debug

system enters debug state

none

nothing is done

inject-nmi

a non-maskable interrupt is injected into the first VCPU (all VCPUS on x86) (since 2.4)

Since

2.1

RebootAction (Enum)

Possible QEMU actions upon guest reboot

Values

reset

Reset the VM

shutdown

Shutdown the VM and exit, according to the shutdown action

Since

6.0

ShutdownAction (Enum)

Possible QEMU actions upon guest shutdown

Values

poweroff

Shutdown the VM and exit

pause

pause the VM#

Since

6.0

PanicAction (Enum)

Values

none

Continue VM execution

pause

Pause the VM

shutdown

Shutdown the VM and exit, according to the shutdown action

Since

6.0

watchdog-set-action (Command)

Set watchdog action

Arguments

action: WatchdogAction

Not documented

Since

2.11

set-action (Command)

Set the actions that will be taken by the emulator in response to guest events.

Arguments

reboot: RebootAction (optional)

RebootAction action taken on guest reboot.

shutdown: ShutdownAction (optional)

ShutdownAction action taken on guest shutdown.

panic: PanicAction (optional)

PanicAction action taken on guest panic.

watchdog: WatchdogAction (optional)

WatchdogAction action taken when watchdog timer expires .

Returns

Nothing on success.

Since

6.0

Example

-> { "execute": "set-action",
     "arguments": { "reboot": "shutdown",
                    "shutdown" : "pause",
                    "panic": "pause",
                    "watchdog": "inject-nmi" } }
<- { "return": {} }

GUEST_PANICKED (Event)

Emitted when guest OS panic is detected

Arguments

action: GuestPanicAction

action that has been taken, currently always “pause”

info: GuestPanicInformation (optional)

information about a panic (since 2.9)

Since

1.5

Example

<- { "event": "GUEST_PANICKED",
     "data": { "action": "pause" } }

GUEST_CRASHLOADED (Event)

Emitted when guest OS crash loaded is detected

Arguments

action: GuestPanicAction

action that has been taken, currently always “run”

info: GuestPanicInformation (optional)

information about a panic

Since

5.0

Example

<- { "event": "GUEST_CRASHLOADED",
     "data": { "action": "run" } }

GuestPanicAction (Enum)

An enumeration of the actions taken when guest OS panic is detected

Values

pause

system pauses

poweroff

Not documented

run

Not documented

Since

2.1 (poweroff since 2.8, run since 5.0)

GuestPanicInformationType (Enum)

An enumeration of the guest panic information types

Values

hyper-v

hyper-v guest panic information type

s390

s390 guest panic information type (Since: 2.12)

Since

2.9

GuestPanicInformation (Object)

Information about a guest panic

Members

type: GuestPanicInformationType

Crash type that defines the hypervisor specific information

The members of GuestPanicInformationHyperV when type is "hyper-v"

The members of GuestPanicInformationS390 when type is "s390"

Since

2.9

GuestPanicInformationHyperV (Object)

Hyper-V specific guest panic information (HV crash MSRs)

Members

arg1: int

Not documented

arg2: int

Not documented

arg3: int

Not documented

arg4: int

Not documented

arg5: int

Not documented

Since

2.9

S390CrashReason (Enum)

Reason why the CPU is in a crashed state.

Values

unknown

no crash reason was set

disabled-wait

the CPU has entered a disabled wait state

extint-loop

clock comparator or cpu timer interrupt with new PSW enabled for external interrupts

pgmint-loop

program interrupt with BAD new PSW

opint-loop

operation exception interrupt with invalid code at the program interrupt new PSW

Since

2.12

GuestPanicInformationS390 (Object)

S390 specific guest panic information (PSW)

Members

core: int

core id of the CPU that crashed

psw-mask: int

control fields of guest PSW

psw-addr: int

guest instruction address

reason: S390CrashReason

guest crash reason

Since

2.12

MEMORY_FAILURE (Event)

Emitted when a memory failure occurs on host side.

Arguments

recipient: MemoryFailureRecipient

recipient is defined as MemoryFailureRecipient.

action: MemoryFailureAction

action that has been taken. action is defined as MemoryFailureAction.

flags: MemoryFailureFlags

flags for MemoryFailureAction. action is defined as MemoryFailureFlags.

Since

5.2

Example

<- { "event": "MEMORY_FAILURE",
     "data": { "recipient": "hypervisor",
               "action": "fatal",
               "flags": { 'action-required': false } }

MemoryFailureRecipient (Enum)

Hardware memory failure occurs, handled by recipient.

Values

hypervisor

memory failure at QEMU process address space. (none guest memory, but used by QEMU itself).

guest

memory failure at guest memory,

Since

5.2

MemoryFailureAction (Enum)

Actions taken by QEMU in response to a hardware memory failure.

Values

ignore

the memory failure could be ignored. This will only be the case for action-optional failures.

inject

memory failure occurred in guest memory, the guest enabled MCE handling mechanism, and QEMU could inject the MCE into the guest successfully.

fatal

the failure is unrecoverable. This occurs for action-required failures if the recipient is the hypervisor; QEMU will exit.

reset

the failure is unrecoverable but confined to the guest. This occurs if the recipient is a guest guest which is not ready to handle memory failures.

Since

5.2

MemoryFailureFlags (Object)

Additional information on memory failures.

Members

action-required: boolean

whether a memory failure event is action-required or action-optional (e.g. a failure during memory scrub).

recursive: boolean

whether the failure occurred while the previous failure was still in progress.

Since

5.2

Cryptography

QCryptoTLSCredsEndpoint (Enum)

The type of network endpoint that will be using the credentials. Most types of credential require different setup / structures depending on whether they will be used in a server versus a client.

Values

client

the network endpoint is acting as the client

server

the network endpoint is acting as the server

Since

2.5

QCryptoSecretFormat (Enum)

The data format that the secret is provided in

Values

raw

raw bytes. When encoded in JSON only valid UTF-8 sequences can be used

base64

arbitrary base64 encoded binary data

Since

2.6

QCryptoHashAlgorithm (Enum)

The supported algorithms for computing content digests

Values

md5

MD5. Should not be used in any new code, legacy compat only

sha1

SHA-1. Should not be used in any new code, legacy compat only

sha224

SHA-224. (since 2.7)

sha256

SHA-256. Current recommended strong hash.

sha384

SHA-384. (since 2.7)

sha512

SHA-512. (since 2.7)

ripemd160

RIPEMD-160. (since 2.7)

Since

2.6

QCryptoCipherAlgorithm (Enum)

The supported algorithms for content encryption ciphers

Values

aes-128

AES with 128 bit / 16 byte keys

aes-192

AES with 192 bit / 24 byte keys

aes-256

AES with 256 bit / 32 byte keys

des-rfb

RFB specific variant of single DES. Do not use except in VNC.

3des

3DES(EDE) with 192 bit / 24 byte keys (since 2.9)

cast5-128

Cast5 with 128 bit / 16 byte keys

serpent-128

Serpent with 128 bit / 16 byte keys

serpent-192

Serpent with 192 bit / 24 byte keys

serpent-256

Serpent with 256 bit / 32 byte keys

twofish-128

Twofish with 128 bit / 16 byte keys

twofish-192

Twofish with 192 bit / 24 byte keys

twofish-256

Twofish with 256 bit / 32 byte keys

Since

2.6

QCryptoCipherMode (Enum)

The supported modes for content encryption ciphers

Values

ecb

Electronic Code Book

cbc

Cipher Block Chaining

xts

XEX with tweaked code book and ciphertext stealing

ctr

Counter (Since 2.8)

Since

2.6

QCryptoIVGenAlgorithm (Enum)

The supported algorithms for generating initialization vectors for full disk encryption. The ‘plain’ generator should not be used for disks with sector numbers larger than 2^32, except where compatibility with pre-existing Linux dm-crypt volumes is required.

Values

plain

64-bit sector number truncated to 32-bits

plain64

64-bit sector number

essiv

64-bit sector number encrypted with a hash of the encryption key

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockFormat (Enum)

The supported full disk encryption formats

Values

qcow

QCow/QCow2 built-in AES-CBC encryption. Use only for liberating data from old images.

luks

LUKS encryption format. Recommended for new images

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockOptionsBase (Object)

The common options that apply to all full disk encryption formats

Members

format: QCryptoBlockFormat

the encryption format

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow (Object)

The options that apply to QCow/QCow2 AES-CBC encryption format

Members

key-secret: string (optional)

the ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the decryption key. Mandatory except when probing image for metadata only.

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockOptionsLUKS (Object)

The options that apply to LUKS encryption format

Members

key-secret: string (optional)

the ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the decryption key. Mandatory except when probing image for metadata only.

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockCreateOptionsLUKS (Object)

The options that apply to LUKS encryption format initialization

Members

cipher-alg: QCryptoCipherAlgorithm (optional)

the cipher algorithm for data encryption Currently defaults to ‘aes-256’.

cipher-mode: QCryptoCipherMode (optional)

the cipher mode for data encryption Currently defaults to ‘xts’

ivgen-alg: QCryptoIVGenAlgorithm (optional)

the initialization vector generator Currently defaults to ‘plain64’

ivgen-hash-alg: QCryptoHashAlgorithm (optional)

the initialization vector generator hash Currently defaults to ‘sha256’

hash-alg: QCryptoHashAlgorithm (optional)

the master key hash algorithm Currently defaults to ‘sha256’

iter-time: int (optional)

number of milliseconds to spend in PBKDF passphrase processing. Currently defaults to 2000. (since 2.8)

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsLUKS

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockOpenOptions (Object)

The options that are available for all encryption formats when opening an existing volume

Members

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsBase

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow when format is "qcow"

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockCreateOptions (Object)

The options that are available for all encryption formats when initializing a new volume

Members

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsBase

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow when format is "qcow"

The members of QCryptoBlockCreateOptionsLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

2.6

QCryptoBlockInfoBase (Object)

The common information that applies to all full disk encryption formats

Members

format: QCryptoBlockFormat

the encryption format

Since

2.7

QCryptoBlockInfoLUKSSlot (Object)

Information about the LUKS block encryption key slot options

Members

active: boolean

whether the key slot is currently in use

key-offset: int

offset to the key material in bytes

iters: int (optional)

number of PBKDF2 iterations for key material

stripes: int (optional)

number of stripes for splitting key material

Since

2.7

QCryptoBlockInfoLUKS (Object)

Information about the LUKS block encryption options

Members

cipher-alg: QCryptoCipherAlgorithm

the cipher algorithm for data encryption

cipher-mode: QCryptoCipherMode

the cipher mode for data encryption

ivgen-alg: QCryptoIVGenAlgorithm

the initialization vector generator

ivgen-hash-alg: QCryptoHashAlgorithm (optional)

the initialization vector generator hash

hash-alg: QCryptoHashAlgorithm

the master key hash algorithm

payload-offset: int

offset to the payload data in bytes

master-key-iters: int

number of PBKDF2 iterations for key material

uuid: string

unique identifier for the volume

slots: array of QCryptoBlockInfoLUKSSlot

information about each key slot

Since

2.7

QCryptoBlockInfo (Object)

Information about the block encryption options

Members

The members of QCryptoBlockInfoBase

The members of QCryptoBlockInfoLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

2.7

QCryptoBlockLUKSKeyslotState (Enum)

Defines state of keyslots that are affected by the update

Values

active

The slots contain the given password and marked as active

inactive

The slots are erased (contain garbage) and marked as inactive

Since

5.1

QCryptoBlockAmendOptionsLUKS (Object)

This struct defines the update parameters that activate/de-activate set of keyslots

Members

state: QCryptoBlockLUKSKeyslotState

the desired state of the keyslots

new-secret: string (optional)

The ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the password to be written into added active keyslots

old-secret: string (optional)

Optional (for deactivation only) If given will deactivate all keyslots that match password located in QCryptoSecret with this ID

iter-time: int (optional)

Optional (for activation only) Number of milliseconds to spend in PBKDF passphrase processing for the newly activated keyslot. Currently defaults to 2000.

keyslot: int (optional)

Optional. ID of the keyslot to activate/deactivate. For keyslot activation, keyslot should not be active already (this is unsafe to update an active keyslot), but possible if ‘force’ parameter is given. If keyslot is not given, first free keyslot will be written.

For keyslot deactivation, this parameter specifies the exact keyslot to deactivate

secret: string (optional)

Optional. The ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the password to use to retrieve current master key. Defaults to the same secret that was used to open the image

Since 5.1

QCryptoBlockAmendOptions (Object)

The options that are available for all encryption formats when amending encryption settings

Members

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsBase

The members of QCryptoBlockAmendOptionsLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

5.1

SecretCommonProperties (Object)

Properties for objects of classes derived from secret-common.

Members

loaded: boolean (optional)

if true, the secret is loaded immediately when applying this option and will probably fail when processing the next option. Don’t use; only provided for compatibility. (default: false)

format: QCryptoSecretFormat (optional)

the data format that the secret is provided in (default: raw)

keyid: string (optional)

the name of another secret that should be used to decrypt the provided data. If not present, the data is assumed to be unencrypted.

iv: string (optional)

the random initialization vector used for encryption of this particular secret. Should be a base64 encrypted string of the 16-byte IV. Mandatory if keyid is given. Ignored if keyid is absent.

Features

deprecated

Member loaded is deprecated. Setting true doesn’t make sense, and false is already the default.

Since

2.6

SecretProperties (Object)

Properties for secret objects.

Either data or file must be provided, but not both.

Members

data: string (optional)

the associated with the secret from

file: string (optional)

the filename to load the data associated with the secret from

The members of SecretCommonProperties

Since

2.6

SecretKeyringProperties (Object)

Properties for secret_keyring objects.

Members

serial: int

serial number that identifies a key to get from the kernel

The members of SecretCommonProperties

Since

5.1

TlsCredsProperties (Object)

Properties for objects of classes derived from tls-creds.

Members

verify-peer: boolean (optional)

if true the peer credentials will be verified once the handshake is completed. This is a no-op for anonymous credentials. (default: true)

dir: string (optional)

the path of the directory that contains the credential files

endpoint: QCryptoTLSCredsEndpoint (optional)

whether the QEMU network backend that uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server (default: client)

priority: string (optional)

a gnutls priority string as described at https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html

Since

2.5

TlsCredsAnonProperties (Object)

Properties for tls-creds-anon objects.

Members

loaded: boolean (optional)

if true, the credentials are loaded immediately when applying this option and will ignore options that are processed later. Don’t use; only provided for compatibility. (default: false)

The members of TlsCredsProperties

Features

deprecated

Member loaded is deprecated. Setting true doesn’t make sense, and false is already the default.

Since

2.5

TlsCredsPskProperties (Object)

Properties for tls-creds-psk objects.

Members

loaded: boolean (optional)

if true, the credentials are loaded immediately when applying this option and will ignore options that are processed later. Don’t use; only provided for compatibility. (default: false)

username: string (optional)

the username which will be sent to the server. For clients only. If absent, “qemu” is sent and the property will read back as an empty string.

The members of TlsCredsProperties

Features

deprecated

Member loaded is deprecated. Setting true doesn’t make sense, and false is already the default.

Since

3.0

TlsCredsX509Properties (Object)

Properties for tls-creds-x509 objects.

Members

loaded: boolean (optional)

if true, the credentials are loaded immediately when applying this option and will ignore options that are processed later. Don’t use; only provided for compatibility. (default: false)

sanity-check: boolean (optional)

if true, perform some sanity checks before using the credentials (default: true)

passwordid: string (optional)

For the server-key.pem and client-key.pem files which contain sensitive private keys, it is possible to use an encrypted version by providing the passwordid parameter. This provides the ID of a previously created secret object containing the password for decryption.

The members of TlsCredsProperties

Features

deprecated

Member loaded is deprecated. Setting true doesn’t make sense, and false is already the default.

Since

2.5

Block devices

Block core (VM unrelated)

Background jobs

JobType (Enum)

Type of a background job.

Values

commit

block commit job type, see “block-commit”

stream

block stream job type, see “block-stream”

mirror

drive mirror job type, see “drive-mirror”

backup

drive backup job type, see “drive-backup”

create

image creation job type, see “blockdev-create” (since 3.0)

amend

image options amend job type, see “x-blockdev-amend” (since 5.1)

snapshot-load

snapshot load job type, see “snapshot-load” (since 6.0)

snapshot-save

snapshot save job type, see “snapshot-save” (since 6.0)

snapshot-delete

snapshot delete job type, see “snapshot-delete” (since 6.0)

Since

1.7

JobStatus (Enum)

Indicates the present state of a given job in its lifetime.

Values

undefined

Erroneous, default state. Should not ever be visible.

created

The job has been created, but not yet started.

running

The job is currently running.

paused

The job is running, but paused. The pause may be requested by either the QMP user or by internal processes.

ready

The job is running, but is ready for the user to signal completion. This is used for long-running jobs like mirror that are designed to run indefinitely.

standby

The job is ready, but paused. This is nearly identical to paused. The job may return to ready or otherwise be canceled.

waiting

The job is waiting for other jobs in the transaction to converge to the waiting state. This status will likely not be visible for the last job in a transaction.

pending

The job has finished its work, but has finalization steps that it needs to make prior to completing. These changes will require manual intervention via job-finalize if auto-finalize was set to false. These pending changes may still fail.

aborting

The job is in the process of being aborted, and will finish with an error. The job will afterwards report that it is concluded. This status may not be visible to the management process.

concluded

The job has finished all work. If auto-dismiss was set to false, the job will remain in the query list until it is dismissed via job-dismiss.

null

The job is in the process of being dismantled. This state should not ever be visible externally.

Since

2.12

JobVerb (Enum)

Represents command verbs that can be applied to a job.

Values

cancel

see job-cancel

pause

see job-pause

resume

see job-resume

set-speed

see block-job-set-speed

complete

see job-complete

dismiss

see job-dismiss

finalize

see job-finalize

Since

2.12

JOB_STATUS_CHANGE (Event)

Emitted when a job transitions to a different status.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier

status: JobStatus

The new job status

Since

3.0

job-pause (Command)

Pause an active job.

This command returns immediately after marking the active job for pausing. Pausing an already paused job is an error.

The job will pause as soon as possible, which means transitioning into the PAUSED state if it was RUNNING, or into STANDBY if it was READY. The corresponding JOB_STATUS_CHANGE event will be emitted.

Cancelling a paused job automatically resumes it.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Since

3.0

job-resume (Command)

Resume a paused job.

This command returns immediately after resuming a paused job. Resuming an already running job is an error.

id : The job identifier.

Arguments

id: string

Not documented

Since

3.0

job-cancel (Command)

Instruct an active background job to cancel at the next opportunity. This command returns immediately after marking the active job for cancellation.

The job will cancel as soon as possible and then emit a JOB_STATUS_CHANGE event. Usually, the status will change to ABORTING, but it is possible that a job successfully completes (e.g. because it was almost done and there was no opportunity to cancel earlier than completing the job) and transitions to PENDING instead.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Since

3.0

job-complete (Command)

Manually trigger completion of an active job in the READY state.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Since

3.0

job-dismiss (Command)

Deletes a job that is in the CONCLUDED state. This command only needs to be run explicitly for jobs that don’t have automatic dismiss enabled.

This command will refuse to operate on any job that has not yet reached its terminal state, JOB_STATUS_CONCLUDED. For jobs that make use of JOB_READY event, job-cancel or job-complete will still need to be used as appropriate.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Since

3.0

job-finalize (Command)

Instructs all jobs in a transaction (or a single job if it is not part of any transaction) to finalize any graph changes and do any necessary cleanup. This command requires that all involved jobs are in the PENDING state.

For jobs in a transaction, instructing one job to finalize will force ALL jobs in the transaction to finalize, so it is only necessary to instruct a single member job to finalize.

Arguments

id: string

The identifier of any job in the transaction, or of a job that is not part of any transaction.

Since

3.0

JobInfo (Object)

Information about a job.

Members

id: string

The job identifier

type: JobType

The kind of job that is being performed

status: JobStatus

Current job state/status

current-progress: int

Progress made until now. The unit is arbitrary and the value can only meaningfully be used for the ratio of current-progress to total-progress. The value is monotonically increasing.

total-progress: int

Estimated current-progress value at the completion of the job. This value can arbitrarily change while the job is running, in both directions.

error: string (optional)

If this field is present, the job failed; if it is still missing in the CONCLUDED state, this indicates successful completion.

The value is a human-readable error message to describe the reason for the job failure. It should not be parsed by applications.

Since

3.0

query-jobs (Command)

Return information about jobs.

Returns

a list with a JobInfo for each active job

Since

3.0

SnapshotInfo (Object)

Members

id: string

unique snapshot id

name: string

user chosen name

vm-state-size: int

size of the VM state

date-sec: int

UTC date of the snapshot in seconds

date-nsec: int

fractional part in nano seconds to be used with date-sec

vm-clock-sec: int

VM clock relative to boot in seconds

vm-clock-nsec: int

fractional part in nano seconds to be used with vm-clock-sec

icount: int (optional)

Current instruction count. Appears when execution record/replay is enabled. Used for “time-traveling” to match the moment in the recorded execution with the snapshots. This counter may be obtained through query-replay command (since 5.2)

Since

1.3

ImageInfoSpecificQCow2EncryptionBase (Object)

Members

format: BlockdevQcow2EncryptionFormat

The encryption format

Since

2.10

ImageInfoSpecificQCow2Encryption (Object)

Members

The members of ImageInfoSpecificQCow2EncryptionBase

The members of QCryptoBlockInfoLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

2.10

ImageInfoSpecificQCow2 (Object)

Members

compat: string

compatibility level

data-file: string (optional)

the filename of the external data file that is stored in the image and used as a default for opening the image (since: 4.0)

data-file-raw: boolean (optional)

True if the external data file must stay valid as a standalone (read-only) raw image without looking at qcow2 metadata (since: 4.0)

extended-l2: boolean (optional)

true if the image has extended L2 entries; only valid for compat >= 1.1 (since 5.2)

lazy-refcounts: boolean (optional)

on or off; only valid for compat >= 1.1

corrupt: boolean (optional)

true if the image has been marked corrupt; only valid for compat >= 1.1 (since 2.2)

refcount-bits: int

width of a refcount entry in bits (since 2.3)

encrypt: ImageInfoSpecificQCow2Encryption (optional)

details about encryption parameters; only set if image is encrypted (since 2.10)

bitmaps: array of Qcow2BitmapInfo (optional)

A list of qcow2 bitmap details (since 4.0)

compression-type: Qcow2CompressionType

the image cluster compression method (since 5.1)

Since

1.7

ImageInfoSpecificVmdk (Object)

Members

create-type: string

The create type of VMDK image

cid: int

Content id of image

parent-cid: int

Parent VMDK image’s cid

extents: array of ImageInfo

List of extent files

Since

1.7

ImageInfoSpecific (Object)

A discriminated record of image format specific information structures.

Members

type

One of qcow2, vmdk, luks

data: ImageInfoSpecificQCow2 when type is "qcow2"

data: ImageInfoSpecificVmdk when type is "vmdk"

data: QCryptoBlockInfoLUKS when type is "luks"

Since

1.7

ImageInfo (Object)

Information about a QEMU image file

Members

filename: string

name of the image file

format: string

format of the image file

virtual-size: int

maximum capacity in bytes of the image

actual-size: int (optional)

actual size on disk in bytes of the image

dirty-flag: boolean (optional)

true if image is not cleanly closed

cluster-size: int (optional)

size of a cluster in bytes

encrypted: boolean (optional)

true if the image is encrypted

compressed: boolean (optional)

true if the image is compressed (Since 1.7)

backing-filename: string (optional)

name of the backing file

full-backing-filename: string (optional)

full path of the backing file

backing-filename-format: string (optional)

the format of the backing file

snapshots: array of SnapshotInfo (optional)

list of VM snapshots

backing-image: ImageInfo (optional)

info of the backing image (since 1.6)

format-specific: ImageInfoSpecific (optional)

structure supplying additional format-specific information (since 1.7)

Since

1.3

ImageCheck (Object)

Information about a QEMU image file check

Members

filename: string

name of the image file checked

format: string

format of the image file checked

check-errors: int

number of unexpected errors occurred during check

image-end-offset: int (optional)

offset (in bytes) where the image ends, this field is present if the driver for the image format supports it

corruptions: int (optional)

number of corruptions found during the check if any

leaks: int (optional)

number of leaks found during the check if any

corruptions-fixed: int (optional)

number of corruptions fixed during the check if any

leaks-fixed: int (optional)

number of leaks fixed during the check if any

total-clusters: int (optional)

total number of clusters, this field is present if the driver for the image format supports it

allocated-clusters: int (optional)

total number of allocated clusters, this field is present if the driver for the image format supports it

fragmented-clusters: int (optional)

total number of fragmented clusters, this field is present if the driver for the image format supports it

compressed-clusters: int (optional)

total number of compressed clusters, this field is present if the driver for the image format supports it

Since

1.4

MapEntry (Object)

Mapping information from a virtual block range to a host file range

Members

start: int

virtual (guest) offset of the first byte described by this entry

length: int

the number of bytes of the mapped virtual range

data: boolean

reading the image will actually read data from a file (in particular, if offset is present this means that the sectors are not simply preallocated, but contain actual data in raw format)

zero: boolean

whether the virtual blocks read as zeroes

depth: int

number of layers (0 = top image, 1 = top image’s backing file, …, n - 1 = bottom image (where n is the number of images in the chain)) before reaching one for which the range is allocated

offset: int (optional)

if present, the image file stores the data for this range in raw format at the given (host) offset

filename: string (optional)

filename that is referred to by offset

Since

2.6

BlockdevCacheInfo (Object)

Cache mode information for a block device

Members

writeback: boolean

true if writeback mode is enabled

direct: boolean

true if the host page cache is bypassed (O_DIRECT)

no-flush: boolean

true if flush requests are ignored for the device

Since

2.3

BlockDeviceInfo (Object)

Information about the backing device for a block device.

Members

file: string

the filename of the backing device

node-name: string (optional)

the name of the block driver node (Since 2.0)

ro: boolean

true if the backing device was open read-only

drv: string

the name of the block format used to open the backing device. As of 0.14 this can be: ‘blkdebug’, ‘bochs’, ‘cloop’, ‘cow’, ‘dmg’, ‘file’, ‘file’, ‘ftp’, ‘ftps’, ‘host_cdrom’, ‘host_device’, ‘http’, ‘https’, ‘luks’, ‘nbd’, ‘parallels’, ‘qcow’, ‘qcow2’, ‘raw’, ‘vdi’, ‘vmdk’, ‘vpc’, ‘vvfat’ 2.2: ‘archipelago’ added, ‘cow’ dropped 2.3: ‘host_floppy’ deprecated 2.5: ‘host_floppy’ dropped 2.6: ‘luks’ added 2.8: ‘replication’ added, ‘tftp’ dropped 2.9: ‘archipelago’ dropped

backing_file: string (optional)

the name of the backing file (for copy-on-write)

backing_file_depth: int

number of files in the backing file chain (since: 1.2)

encrypted: boolean

true if the backing device is encrypted

detect_zeroes: BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions

detect and optimize zero writes (Since 2.1)

bps: int

total throughput limit in bytes per second is specified

bps_rd: int

read throughput limit in bytes per second is specified

bps_wr: int

write throughput limit in bytes per second is specified

iops: int

total I/O operations per second is specified

iops_rd: int

read I/O operations per second is specified

iops_wr: int

write I/O operations per second is specified

image: ImageInfo

the info of image used (since: 1.6)

bps_max: int (optional)

total throughput limit during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_rd_max: int (optional)

read throughput limit during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_wr_max: int (optional)

write throughput limit during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_max: int (optional)

total I/O operations per second during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_rd_max: int (optional)

read I/O operations per second during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_wr_max: int (optional)

write I/O operations per second during bursts,

in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_max burst

period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

bps_rd_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_rd_max

burst period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

bps_wr_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_wr_max

burst period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

iops_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops burst

period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

iops_rd_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops_rd_max

burst period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

iops_wr_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops_wr_max

burst period, in seconds. (Since 2.6)

iops_size: int (optional)

an I/O size in bytes (Since 1.7)

group: string (optional)

throttle group name (Since 2.4)

cache: BlockdevCacheInfo

the cache mode used for the block device (since: 2.3)

write_threshold: int

configured write threshold for the device. 0 if disabled. (Since 2.3)

dirty-bitmaps: array of BlockDirtyInfo (optional)

dirty bitmaps information (only present if node has one or more dirty bitmaps) (Since 4.2)

Since

0.14

BlockDeviceIoStatus (Enum)

An enumeration of block device I/O status.

Values

ok

The last I/O operation has succeeded

failed

The last I/O operation has failed

nospace

The last I/O operation has failed due to a no-space condition

Since

1.0

BlockDirtyInfo (Object)

Block dirty bitmap information.

Members

name: string (optional)

the name of the dirty bitmap (Since 2.4)

count: int

number of dirty bytes according to the dirty bitmap

granularity: int

granularity of the dirty bitmap in bytes (since 1.4)

recording: boolean

true if the bitmap is recording new writes from the guest. Replaces active and disabled statuses. (since 4.0)

busy: boolean

true if the bitmap is in-use by some operation (NBD or jobs) and cannot be modified via QMP or used by another operation. Replaces locked and frozen statuses. (since 4.0)

persistent: boolean

true if the bitmap was stored on disk, is scheduled to be stored on disk, or both. (since 4.0)

inconsistent: boolean (optional)

true if this is a persistent bitmap that was improperly stored. Implies persistent to be true; recording and busy to be false. This bitmap cannot be used. To remove it, use block-dirty-bitmap-remove. (Since 4.0)

Since

1.3

Qcow2BitmapInfoFlags (Enum)

An enumeration of flags that a bitmap can report to the user.

Values

in-use

This flag is set by any process actively modifying the qcow2 file, and cleared when the updated bitmap is flushed to the qcow2 image. The presence of this flag in an offline image means that the bitmap was not saved correctly after its last usage, and may contain inconsistent data.

auto

The bitmap must reflect all changes of the virtual disk by any application that would write to this qcow2 file.

Since

4.0

Qcow2BitmapInfo (Object)

Qcow2 bitmap information.

Members

name: string

the name of the bitmap

granularity: int

granularity of the bitmap in bytes

flags: array of Qcow2BitmapInfoFlags

flags of the bitmap

Since

4.0

BlockLatencyHistogramInfo (Object)

Block latency histogram.

Members

boundaries: array of int

list of interval boundary values in nanoseconds, all greater than zero and in ascending order. For example, the list [10, 50, 100] produces the following histogram intervals: [0, 10), [10, 50), [50, 100), [100, +inf).

bins: array of int

list of io request counts corresponding to histogram intervals. len(bins) = len(boundaries) + 1 For the example above, bins may be something like [3, 1, 5, 2], and corresponding histogram looks like:

5|           *
4|           *
3| *         *
2| *         *    *
1| *    *    *    *
 +------------------
     10   50   100

Since

4.0

BlockInfo (Object)

Block device information. This structure describes a virtual device and the backing device associated with it.

Members

device: string

The device name associated with the virtual device.

qdev: string (optional)

The qdev ID, or if no ID is assigned, the QOM path of the block device. (since 2.10)

type: string

This field is returned only for compatibility reasons, it should not be used (always returns ‘unknown’)

removable: boolean

True if the device supports removable media.

locked: boolean

True if the guest has locked this device from having its media removed

tray_open: boolean (optional)

True if the device’s tray is open (only present if it has a tray)

io-status: BlockDeviceIoStatus (optional)

BlockDeviceIoStatus. Only present if the device supports it and the VM is configured to stop on errors (supported device models: virtio-blk, IDE, SCSI except scsi-generic)

inserted: BlockDeviceInfo (optional)

BlockDeviceInfo describing the device if media is present

Since

0.14

BlockMeasureInfo (Object)

Image file size calculation information. This structure describes the size requirements for creating a new image file.

The size requirements depend on the new image file format. File size always equals virtual disk size for the ‘raw’ format, even for sparse POSIX files. Compact formats such as ‘qcow2’ represent unallocated and zero regions efficiently so file size may be smaller than virtual disk size.

The values are upper bounds that are guaranteed to fit the new image file. Subsequent modification, such as internal snapshot or further bitmap creation, may require additional space and is not covered here.

Members

required: int

Size required for a new image file, in bytes, when copying just allocated guest-visible contents.

fully-allocated: int

Image file size, in bytes, once data has been written to all sectors, when copying just guest-visible contents.

bitmaps: int (optional)

Additional size required if all the top-level bitmap metadata in the source image were to be copied to the destination, present only when source and destination both support persistent bitmaps. (since 5.1)

Since

2.10

query-block (Command)

Get a list of BlockInfo for all virtual block devices.

Returns

a list of BlockInfo describing each virtual block device. Filter nodes that were created implicitly are skipped over.

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-block" }
<- {
      "return":[
         {
            "io-status": "ok",
            "device":"ide0-hd0",
            "locked":false,
            "removable":false,
            "inserted":{
               "ro":false,
               "drv":"qcow2",
               "encrypted":false,
               "file":"disks/test.qcow2",
               "backing_file_depth":1,
               "bps":1000000,
               "bps_rd":0,
               "bps_wr":0,
               "iops":1000000,
               "iops_rd":0,
               "iops_wr":0,
               "bps_max": 8000000,
               "bps_rd_max": 0,
               "bps_wr_max": 0,
               "iops_max": 0,
               "iops_rd_max": 0,
               "iops_wr_max": 0,
               "iops_size": 0,
               "detect_zeroes": "on",
               "write_threshold": 0,
               "image":{
                  "filename":"disks/test.qcow2",
                  "format":"qcow2",
                  "virtual-size":2048000,
                  "backing_file":"base.qcow2",
                  "full-backing-filename":"disks/base.qcow2",
                  "backing-filename-format":"qcow2",
                  "snapshots":[
                     {
                        "id": "1",
                        "name": "snapshot1",
                        "vm-state-size": 0,
                        "date-sec": 10000200,
                        "date-nsec": 12,
                        "vm-clock-sec": 206,
                        "vm-clock-nsec": 30
                     }
                  ],
                  "backing-image":{
                      "filename":"disks/base.qcow2",
                      "format":"qcow2",
                      "virtual-size":2048000
                  }
               }
            },
            "qdev": "ide_disk",
            "type":"unknown"
         },
         {
            "io-status": "ok",
            "device":"ide1-cd0",
            "locked":false,
            "removable":true,
            "qdev": "/machine/unattached/device[23]",
            "tray_open": false,
            "type":"unknown"
         },
         {
            "device":"floppy0",
            "locked":false,
            "removable":true,
            "qdev": "/machine/unattached/device[20]",
            "type":"unknown"
         },
         {
            "device":"sd0",
            "locked":false,
            "removable":true,
            "type":"unknown"
         }
      ]
   }

BlockDeviceTimedStats (Object)

Statistics of a block device during a given interval of time.

Members

interval_length: int

Interval used for calculating the statistics, in seconds.

min_rd_latency_ns: int

Minimum latency of read operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

min_wr_latency_ns: int

Minimum latency of write operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

min_flush_latency_ns: int

Minimum latency of flush operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

max_rd_latency_ns: int

Maximum latency of read operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

max_wr_latency_ns: int

Maximum latency of write operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

max_flush_latency_ns: int

Maximum latency of flush operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

avg_rd_latency_ns: int

Average latency of read operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

avg_wr_latency_ns: int

Average latency of write operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

avg_flush_latency_ns: int

Average latency of flush operations in the defined interval, in nanoseconds.

avg_rd_queue_depth: number

Average number of pending read operations in the defined interval.

avg_wr_queue_depth: number

Average number of pending write operations in the defined interval.

Since

2.5

BlockDeviceStats (Object)

Statistics of a virtual block device or a block backing device.

Members

rd_bytes: int

The number of bytes read by the device.

wr_bytes: int

The number of bytes written by the device.

unmap_bytes: int

The number of bytes unmapped by the device (Since 4.2)

rd_operations: int

The number of read operations performed by the device.

wr_operations: int

The number of write operations performed by the device.

flush_operations: int

The number of cache flush operations performed by the device (since 0.15)

unmap_operations: int

The number of unmap operations performed by the device (Since 4.2)

rd_total_time_ns: int

Total time spent on reads in nanoseconds (since 0.15).

wr_total_time_ns: int

Total time spent on writes in nanoseconds (since 0.15).

flush_total_time_ns: int

Total time spent on cache flushes in nanoseconds (since 0.15).

unmap_total_time_ns: int

Total time spent on unmap operations in nanoseconds (Since 4.2)

wr_highest_offset: int

The offset after the greatest byte written to the device. The intended use of this information is for growable sparse files (like qcow2) that are used on top of a physical device.

rd_merged: int

Number of read requests that have been merged into another request (Since 2.3).

wr_merged: int

Number of write requests that have been merged into another request (Since 2.3).

unmap_merged: int

Number of unmap requests that have been merged into another request (Since 4.2)

idle_time_ns: int (optional)

Time since the last I/O operation, in nanoseconds. If the field is absent it means that there haven’t been any operations yet (Since 2.5).

failed_rd_operations: int

The number of failed read operations performed by the device (Since 2.5)

failed_wr_operations: int

The number of failed write operations performed by the device (Since 2.5)

failed_flush_operations: int

The number of failed flush operations performed by the device (Since 2.5)

failed_unmap_operations: int

The number of failed unmap operations performed by the device (Since 4.2)

invalid_rd_operations: int

The number of invalid read operations

performed by the device (Since 2.5)

invalid_wr_operations: int

The number of invalid write operations performed by the device (Since 2.5)

invalid_flush_operations: int

The number of invalid flush operations performed by the device (Since 2.5)

invalid_unmap_operations: int

The number of invalid unmap operations performed by the device (Since 4.2)

account_invalid: boolean

Whether invalid operations are included in the last access statistics (Since 2.5)

account_failed: boolean

Whether failed operations are included in the latency and last access statistics (Since 2.5)

timed_stats: array of BlockDeviceTimedStats

Statistics specific to the set of previously defined intervals of time (Since 2.5)

rd_latency_histogram: BlockLatencyHistogramInfo (optional)

BlockLatencyHistogramInfo. (Since 4.0)

wr_latency_histogram: BlockLatencyHistogramInfo (optional)

BlockLatencyHistogramInfo. (Since 4.0)

flush_latency_histogram: BlockLatencyHistogramInfo (optional)

BlockLatencyHistogramInfo. (Since 4.0)

Since

0.14

BlockStatsSpecificFile (Object)

File driver statistics

Members

discard-nb-ok: int

The number of successful discard operations performed by the driver.

discard-nb-failed: int

The number of failed discard operations performed by the driver.

discard-bytes-ok: int

The number of bytes discarded by the driver.

Since

4.2

BlockStatsSpecificNvme (Object)

NVMe driver statistics

Members

completion-errors: int

The number of completion errors.

aligned-accesses: int

The number of aligned accesses performed by the driver.

unaligned-accesses: int

The number of unaligned accesses performed by the driver.

Since

5.2

BlockStatsSpecific (Object)

Block driver specific statistics

Members

driver: BlockdevDriver

Not documented

The members of BlockStatsSpecificFile when driver is "file"

The members of BlockStatsSpecificFile when driver is "host_device"

The members of BlockStatsSpecificNvme when driver is "nvme"

Since

4.2

BlockStats (Object)

Statistics of a virtual block device or a block backing device.

Members

device: string (optional)

If the stats are for a virtual block device, the name corresponding to the virtual block device.

node-name: string (optional)

The node name of the device. (Since 2.3)

qdev: string (optional)

The qdev ID, or if no ID is assigned, the QOM path of the block device. (since 3.0)

stats: BlockDeviceStats

A BlockDeviceStats for the device.

driver-specific: BlockStatsSpecific (optional)

Optional driver-specific stats. (Since 4.2)

parent: BlockStats (optional)

This describes the file block device if it has one. Contains recursively the statistics of the underlying protocol (e.g. the host file for a qcow2 image). If there is no underlying protocol, this field is omitted

backing: BlockStats (optional)

This describes the backing block device if it has one. (Since 2.0)

Since

0.14

query-blockstats (Command)

Query the BlockStats for all virtual block devices.

Arguments

query-nodes: boolean (optional)

If true, the command will query all the block nodes that have a node name, in a list which will include “parent” information, but not “backing”. If false or omitted, the behavior is as before - query all the device backends, recursively including their “parent” and “backing”. Filter nodes that were created implicitly are skipped over in this mode. (Since 2.3)

Returns

A list of BlockStats for each virtual block devices.

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-blockstats" }
<- {
      "return":[
         {
            "device":"ide0-hd0",
            "parent":{
               "stats":{
                  "wr_highest_offset":3686448128,
                  "wr_bytes":9786368,
                  "wr_operations":751,
                  "rd_bytes":122567168,
                  "rd_operations":36772
                  "wr_total_times_ns":313253456
                  "rd_total_times_ns":3465673657
                  "flush_total_times_ns":49653
                  "flush_operations":61,
                  "rd_merged":0,
                  "wr_merged":0,
                  "idle_time_ns":2953431879,
                  "account_invalid":true,
                  "account_failed":false
               }
            },
            "stats":{
               "wr_highest_offset":2821110784,
               "wr_bytes":9786368,
               "wr_operations":692,
               "rd_bytes":122739200,
               "rd_operations":36604
               "flush_operations":51,
               "wr_total_times_ns":313253456
               "rd_total_times_ns":3465673657
               "flush_total_times_ns":49653,
               "rd_merged":0,
               "wr_merged":0,
               "idle_time_ns":2953431879,
               "account_invalid":true,
               "account_failed":false
            },
            "qdev": "/machine/unattached/device[23]"
         },
         {
            "device":"ide1-cd0",
            "stats":{
               "wr_highest_offset":0,
               "wr_bytes":0,
               "wr_operations":0,
               "rd_bytes":0,
               "rd_operations":0
               "flush_operations":0,
               "wr_total_times_ns":0
               "rd_total_times_ns":0
               "flush_total_times_ns":0,
               "rd_merged":0,
               "wr_merged":0,
               "account_invalid":false,
               "account_failed":false
            },
            "qdev": "/machine/unattached/device[24]"
         },
         {
            "device":"floppy0",
            "stats":{
               "wr_highest_offset":0,
               "wr_bytes":0,
               "wr_operations":0,
               "rd_bytes":0,
               "rd_operations":0
               "flush_operations":0,
               "wr_total_times_ns":0
               "rd_total_times_ns":0
               "flush_total_times_ns":0,
               "rd_merged":0,
               "wr_merged":0,
               "account_invalid":false,
               "account_failed":false
            },
            "qdev": "/machine/unattached/device[16]"
         },
         {
            "device":"sd0",
            "stats":{
               "wr_highest_offset":0,
               "wr_bytes":0,
               "wr_operations":0,
               "rd_bytes":0,
               "rd_operations":0
               "flush_operations":0,
               "wr_total_times_ns":0
               "rd_total_times_ns":0
               "flush_total_times_ns":0,
               "rd_merged":0,
               "wr_merged":0,
               "account_invalid":false,
               "account_failed":false
            }
         }
      ]
   }

BlockdevOnError (Enum)

An enumeration of possible behaviors for errors on I/O operations. The exact meaning depends on whether the I/O was initiated by a guest or by a block job

Values

report

for guest operations, report the error to the guest; for jobs, cancel the job

ignore

ignore the error, only report a QMP event (BLOCK_IO_ERROR or BLOCK_JOB_ERROR). The backup, mirror and commit block jobs retry the failing request later and may still complete successfully. The stream block job continues to stream and will complete with an error.

enospc

same as stop on ENOSPC, same as report otherwise.

stop

for guest operations, stop the virtual machine; for jobs, pause the job

auto

inherit the error handling policy of the backend (since: 2.7)

Since

1.3

MirrorSyncMode (Enum)

An enumeration of possible behaviors for the initial synchronization phase of storage mirroring.

Values

top

copies data in the topmost image to the destination

full

copies data from all images to the destination

none

only copy data written from now on

incremental

only copy data described by the dirty bitmap. (since: 2.4)

bitmap

only copy data described by the dirty bitmap. (since: 4.2) Behavior on completion is determined by the BitmapSyncMode.

Since

1.3

BitmapSyncMode (Enum)

An enumeration of possible behaviors for the synchronization of a bitmap when used for data copy operations.

Values

on-success

The bitmap is only synced when the operation is successful. This is the behavior always used for ‘INCREMENTAL’ backups.

never

The bitmap is never synchronized with the operation, and is treated solely as a read-only manifest of blocks to copy.

always

The bitmap is always synchronized with the operation, regardless of whether or not the operation was successful.

Since

4.2

MirrorCopyMode (Enum)

An enumeration whose values tell the mirror block job when to trigger writes to the target.

Values

background

copy data in background only.

write-blocking

when data is written to the source, write it (synchronously) to the target as well. In addition, data is copied in background just like in background mode.

Since

3.0

BlockJobInfo (Object)

Information about a long-running block device operation.

Members

type: string

the job type (‘stream’ for image streaming)

device: string

The job identifier. Originally the device name but other values are allowed since QEMU 2.7

len: int

Estimated offset value at the completion of the job. This value can arbitrarily change while the job is running, in both directions.

offset: int

Progress made until now. The unit is arbitrary and the value can only meaningfully be used for the ratio of offset to len. The value is monotonically increasing.

busy: boolean

false if the job is known to be in a quiescent state, with no pending I/O. Since 1.3.

paused: boolean

whether the job is paused or, if busy is true, will pause itself as soon as possible. Since 1.3.

speed: int

the rate limit, bytes per second

io-status: BlockDeviceIoStatus

the status of the job (since 1.3)

ready: boolean

true if the job may be completed (since 2.2)

status: JobStatus

Current job state/status (since 2.12)

auto-finalize: boolean

Job will finalize itself when PENDING, moving to the CONCLUDED state. (since 2.12)

auto-dismiss: boolean

Job will dismiss itself when CONCLUDED, moving to the NULL state and disappearing from the query list. (since 2.12)

error: string (optional)

Error information if the job did not complete successfully. Not set if the job completed successfully. (since 2.12.1)

Since

1.1

query-block-jobs (Command)

Return information about long-running block device operations.

Returns

a list of BlockJobInfo for each active block job

Since

1.1

block_resize (Command)

Resize a block image while a guest is running.

Either device or node-name must be set but not both.

Arguments

device: string (optional)

the name of the device to get the image resized

node-name: string (optional)

graph node name to get the image resized (Since 2.0)

size: int

new image size in bytes

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "block_resize",
     "arguments": { "device": "scratch", "size": 1073741824 } }
<- { "return": {} }

NewImageMode (Enum)

An enumeration that tells QEMU how to set the backing file path in a new image file.

Values

existing

QEMU should look for an existing image file.

absolute-paths

QEMU should create a new image with absolute paths for the backing file. If there is no backing file available, the new image will not be backed either.

Since

1.1

BlockdevSnapshotSync (Object)

Either device or node-name must be set but not both.

Members

device: string (optional)

the name of the device to take a snapshot of.

node-name: string (optional)

graph node name to generate the snapshot from (Since 2.0)

snapshot-file: string

the target of the new overlay image. If the file exists, or if it is a device, the overlay will be created in the existing file/device. Otherwise, a new file will be created.

snapshot-node-name: string (optional)

the graph node name of the new image (Since 2.0)

format: string (optional)

the format of the overlay image, default is ‘qcow2’.

mode: NewImageMode (optional)

whether and how QEMU should create a new image, default is ‘absolute-paths’.

BlockdevSnapshot (Object)

Members

node: string

device or node name that will have a snapshot taken.

overlay: string

reference to the existing block device that will become the overlay of node, as part of taking the snapshot. It must not have a current backing file (this can be achieved by passing “backing”: null to blockdev-add).

Since

2.5

BackupPerf (Object)

Optional parameters for backup. These parameters don’t affect functionality, but may significantly affect performance.

Members

use-copy-range: boolean (optional)

Use copy offloading. Default false.

max-workers: int (optional)

Maximum number of parallel requests for the sustained background copying process. Doesn’t influence copy-before-write operations. Default 64.

max-chunk: int (optional)

Maximum request length for the sustained background copying process. Doesn’t influence copy-before-write operations. 0 means unlimited. If max-chunk is non-zero then it should not be less than job cluster size which is calculated as maximum of target image cluster size and 64k. Default 0.

Since

6.0

BackupCommon (Object)

Members

job-id: string (optional)

identifier for the newly-created block job. If omitted, the device name will be used. (Since 2.7)

device: string

the device name or node-name of a root node which should be copied.

sync: MirrorSyncMode

what parts of the disk image should be copied to the destination (all the disk, only the sectors allocated in the topmost image, from a dirty bitmap, or only new I/O).

speed: int (optional)

the maximum speed, in bytes per second. The default is 0, for unlimited.

bitmap: string (optional)

The name of a dirty bitmap to use. Must be present if sync is “bitmap” or “incremental”. Can be present if sync is “full” or “top”. Must not be present otherwise. (Since 2.4 (drive-backup), 3.1 (blockdev-backup))

bitmap-mode: BitmapSyncMode (optional)

Specifies the type of data the bitmap should contain after the operation concludes. Must be present if a bitmap was provided, Must NOT be present otherwise. (Since 4.2)

compress: boolean (optional)

true to compress data, if the target format supports it. (default: false) (since 2.8)

on-source-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the source, default ‘report’. ‘stop’ and ‘enospc’ can only be used if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo).

on-target-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the target, default ‘report’ (no limitations, since this applies to a different block device than device).

auto-finalize: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a PENDING state after it has finished its work, waiting for block-job-finalize before making any block graph changes. When true, this job will automatically perform its abort or commit actions. Defaults to true. (Since 2.12)

auto-dismiss: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a CONCLUDED state after it has completely ceased all work, and awaits block-job-dismiss. When true, this job will automatically disappear from the query list without user intervention. Defaults to true. (Since 2.12)

filter-node-name: string (optional)

the node name that should be assigned to the filter driver that the backup job inserts into the graph above node specified by drive. If this option is not given, a node name is autogenerated. (Since: 4.2)

x-perf: BackupPerf (optional)

Performance options. (Since 6.0)

Note

on-source-error and on-target-error only affect background I/O. If an error occurs during a guest write request, the device’s rerror/werror actions will be used.

Since

4.2

DriveBackup (Object)

Members

target: string

the target of the new image. If the file exists, or if it is a device, the existing file/device will be used as the new destination. If it does not exist, a new file will be created.

format: string (optional)

the format of the new destination, default is to probe if mode is ‘existing’, else the format of the source

mode: NewImageMode (optional)

whether and how QEMU should create a new image, default is ‘absolute-paths’.

The members of BackupCommon

Since

1.6

BlockdevBackup (Object)

Members

target: string

the device name or node-name of the backup target node.

The members of BackupCommon

Since

2.3

blockdev-snapshot-sync (Command)

Takes a synchronous snapshot of a block device.

For the arguments, see the documentation of BlockdevSnapshotSync.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-snapshot-sync",
     "arguments": { "device": "ide-hd0",
                    "snapshot-file":
                    "/some/place/my-image",
                    "format": "qcow2" } }
<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-snapshot (Command)

Takes a snapshot of a block device.

Take a snapshot, by installing ‘node’ as the backing image of ‘overlay’. Additionally, if ‘node’ is associated with a block device, the block device changes to using ‘overlay’ as its new active image.

For the arguments, see the documentation of BlockdevSnapshot.

Features

allow-write-only-overlay

If present, the check whether this operation is safe was relaxed so that it can be used to change backing file of a destination of a blockdev-mirror. (since 5.0)

Since

2.5

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": { "driver": "qcow2",
                    "node-name": "node1534",
                    "file": { "driver": "file",
                              "filename": "hd1.qcow2" },
                    "backing": null } }

<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-snapshot",
     "arguments": { "node": "ide-hd0",
                    "overlay": "node1534" } }
<- { "return": {} }

change-backing-file (Command)

Change the backing file in the image file metadata. This does not cause QEMU to reopen the image file to reparse the backing filename (it may, however, perform a reopen to change permissions from r/o -> r/w -> r/o, if needed). The new backing file string is written into the image file metadata, and the QEMU internal strings are updated.

Arguments

image-node-name: string

The name of the block driver state node of the image to modify. The “device” argument is used to verify “image-node-name” is in the chain described by “device”.

device: string

The device name or node-name of the root node that owns image-node-name.

backing-file: string

The string to write as the backing file. This string is not validated, so care should be taken when specifying the string or the image chain may not be able to be reopened again.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If “device” does not exist or cannot be determined, DeviceNotFound

Since

2.1

block-commit (Command)

Live commit of data from overlay image nodes into backing nodes - i.e., writes data between ‘top’ and ‘base’ into ‘base’.

If top == base, that is an error. If top has no overlays on top of it, or if it is in use by a writer, the job will not be completed by itself. The user needs to complete the job with the block-job-complete command after getting the ready event. (Since 2.0)

If the base image is smaller than top, then the base image will be resized to be the same size as top. If top is smaller than the base image, the base will not be truncated. If you want the base image size to match the size of the smaller top, you can safely truncate it yourself once the commit operation successfully completes.

Arguments

job-id: string (optional)

identifier for the newly-created block job. If omitted, the device name will be used. (Since 2.7)

device: string

the device name or node-name of a root node

base-node: string (optional)

The node name of the backing image to write data into. If not specified, this is the deepest backing image. (since: 3.1)

base: string (optional)

Same as base-node, except that it is a file name rather than a node name. This must be the exact filename string that was used to open the node; other strings, even if addressing the same file, are not accepted

top-node: string (optional)

The node name of the backing image within the image chain which contains the topmost data to be committed down. If not specified, this is the active layer. (since: 3.1)

top: string (optional)

Same as top-node, except that it is a file name rather than a node name. This must be the exact filename string that was used to open the node; other strings, even if addressing the same file, are not accepted

backing-file: string (optional)

The backing file string to write into the overlay image of ‘top’. If ‘top’ does not have an overlay image, or if ‘top’ is in use by a writer, specifying a backing file string is an error.

This filename is not validated. If a pathname string is such that it cannot be resolved by QEMU, that means that subsequent QMP or HMP commands must use node-names for the image in question, as filename lookup methods will fail.

If not specified, QEMU will automatically determine the backing file string to use, or error out if there is no obvious choice. Care should be taken when specifying the string, to specify a valid filename or protocol. (Since 2.1)

speed: int (optional)

the maximum speed, in bytes per second

on-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error. ‘ignore’ means that the request should be retried. (default: report; Since: 5.0)

filter-node-name: string (optional)

the node name that should be assigned to the filter driver that the commit job inserts into the graph above top. If this option is not given, a node name is autogenerated. (Since: 2.9)

auto-finalize: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a PENDING state after it has finished its work, waiting for block-job-finalize before making any block graph changes. When true, this job will automatically perform its abort or commit actions. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

auto-dismiss: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a CONCLUDED state after it has completely ceased all work, and awaits block-job-dismiss. When true, this job will automatically disappear from the query list without user intervention. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

Features

deprecated

Members base and top are deprecated. Use base-node and top-node instead.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If device does not exist, DeviceNotFound

• Any other error returns a GenericError.

Since

1.3

Example

-> { "execute": "block-commit",
     "arguments": { "device": "virtio0",
                    "top": "/tmp/snap1.qcow2" } }
<- { "return": {} }

drive-backup (Command)

Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a new destination. The status of ongoing drive-backup operations can be checked with query-block-jobs where the BlockJobInfo.type field has the value ‘backup’. The operation can be stopped before it has completed using the block-job-cancel command.

Arguments

The members of DriveBackup

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, GenericError

Since

1.6

Example

-> { "execute": "drive-backup",
     "arguments": { "device": "drive0",
                    "sync": "full",
                    "target": "backup.img" } }
<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-backup (Command)

Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a new destination. The status of ongoing blockdev-backup operations can be checked with query-block-jobs where the BlockJobInfo.type field has the value ‘backup’. The operation can be stopped before it has completed using the block-job-cancel command.

Arguments

The members of BlockdevBackup

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

Since

2.3

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-backup",
     "arguments": { "device": "src-id",
                    "sync": "full",
                    "target": "tgt-id" } }
<- { "return": {} }

query-named-block-nodes (Command)

Get the named block driver list

Arguments

flat: boolean (optional)

Omit the nested data about backing image (“backing-image” key) if true. Default is false (Since 5.0)

Returns

the list of BlockDeviceInfo

Since

2.0

Example

-> { "execute": "query-named-block-nodes" }
<- { "return": [ { "ro":false,
                   "drv":"qcow2",
                   "encrypted":false,
                   "file":"disks/test.qcow2",
                   "node-name": "my-node",
                   "backing_file_depth":1,
                   "bps":1000000,
                   "bps_rd":0,
                   "bps_wr":0,
                   "iops":1000000,
                   "iops_rd":0,
                   "iops_wr":0,
                   "bps_max": 8000000,
                   "bps_rd_max": 0,
                   "bps_wr_max": 0,
                   "iops_max": 0,
                   "iops_rd_max": 0,
                   "iops_wr_max": 0,
                   "iops_size": 0,
                   "write_threshold": 0,
                   "image":{
                      "filename":"disks/test.qcow2",
                      "format":"qcow2",
                      "virtual-size":2048000,
                      "backing_file":"base.qcow2",
                      "full-backing-filename":"disks/base.qcow2",
                      "backing-filename-format":"qcow2",
                      "snapshots":[
                         {
                            "id": "1",
                            "name": "snapshot1",
                            "vm-state-size": 0,
                            "date-sec": 10000200,
                            "date-nsec": 12,
                            "vm-clock-sec": 206,
                            "vm-clock-nsec": 30
                         }
                      ],
                      "backing-image":{
                          "filename":"disks/base.qcow2",
                          "format":"qcow2",
                          "virtual-size":2048000
                      }
                   } } ] }

XDbgBlockGraphNodeType (Enum)

Values

block-backend

corresponds to BlockBackend

block-job

corresponds to BlockJob

block-driver

corresponds to BlockDriverState

Since

4.0

XDbgBlockGraphNode (Object)

Members

id: int

Block graph node identifier. This id is generated only for x-debug-query-block-graph and does not relate to any other identifiers in Qemu.

type: XDbgBlockGraphNodeType

Type of graph node. Can be one of block-backend, block-job or block-driver-state.

name: string

Human readable name of the node. Corresponds to node-name for block-driver-state nodes; is not guaranteed to be unique in the whole graph (with block-jobs and block-backends).

Since

4.0

BlockPermission (Enum)

Enum of base block permissions.

Values

consistent-read

A user that has the “permission” of consistent reads is guaranteed that their view of the contents of the block device is complete and self-consistent, representing the contents of a disk at a specific point. For most block devices (including their backing files) this is true, but the property cannot be maintained in a few situations like for intermediate nodes of a commit block job.

write

This permission is required to change the visible disk contents.

write-unchanged

This permission (which is weaker than BLK_PERM_WRITE) is both enough and required for writes to the block node when the caller promises that the visible disk content doesn’t change. As the BLK_PERM_WRITE permission is strictly stronger, either is sufficient to perform an unchanging write.

resize

This permission is required to change the size of a block node.

graph-mod

This permission is required to change the node that this BdrvChild points to.

Since

4.0

XDbgBlockGraphEdge (Object)

Block Graph edge description for x-debug-query-block-graph.

Members

parent: int

parent id

child: int

child id

name: string

name of the relation (examples are ‘file’ and ‘backing’)

perm: array of BlockPermission

granted permissions for the parent operating on the child

shared-perm: array of BlockPermission

permissions that can still be granted to other users of the child while it is still attached to this parent

Since

4.0

XDbgBlockGraph (Object)

Block Graph - list of nodes and list of edges.

Members

nodes: array of XDbgBlockGraphNode

Not documented

edges: array of XDbgBlockGraphEdge

Not documented

Since

4.0

x-debug-query-block-graph (Command)

Get the block graph.

Since

4.0

drive-mirror (Command)

Start mirroring a block device’s writes to a new destination. target specifies the target of the new image. If the file exists, or if it is a device, it will be used as the new destination for writes. If it does not exist, a new file will be created. format specifies the format of the mirror image, default is to probe if mode=’existing’, else the format of the source.

Arguments

The members of DriveMirror

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, GenericError

Since

1.3

Example

-> { "execute": "drive-mirror",
     "arguments": { "device": "ide-hd0",
                    "target": "/some/place/my-image",
                    "sync": "full",
                    "format": "qcow2" } }
<- { "return": {} }

DriveMirror (Object)

A set of parameters describing drive mirror setup.

Members

job-id: string (optional)

identifier for the newly-created block job. If omitted, the device name will be used. (Since 2.7)

device: string

the device name or node-name of a root node whose writes should be mirrored.

target: string

the target of the new image. If the file exists, or if it is a device, the existing file/device will be used as the new destination. If it does not exist, a new file will be created.

format: string (optional)

the format of the new destination, default is to probe if mode is ‘existing’, else the format of the source

node-name: string (optional)

the new block driver state node name in the graph (Since 2.1)

replaces: string (optional)

with sync=full graph node name to be replaced by the new image when a whole image copy is done. This can be used to repair broken Quorum files. By default, device is replaced, although implicitly created filters on it are kept. (Since 2.1)

mode: NewImageMode (optional)

whether and how QEMU should create a new image, default is ‘absolute-paths’.

speed: int (optional)

the maximum speed, in bytes per second

sync: MirrorSyncMode

what parts of the disk image should be copied to the destination (all the disk, only the sectors allocated in the topmost image, or only new I/O).

granularity: int (optional)

granularity of the dirty bitmap, default is 64K if the image format doesn’t have clusters, 4K if the clusters are smaller than that, else the cluster size. Must be a power of 2 between 512 and 64M (since 1.4).

buf-size: int (optional)

maximum amount of data in flight from source to target (since 1.4).

on-source-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the source, default ‘report’. ‘stop’ and ‘enospc’ can only be used if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo).

on-target-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the target, default ‘report’ (no limitations, since this applies to a different block device than device).

unmap: boolean (optional)

Whether to try to unmap target sectors where source has only zero. If true, and target unallocated sectors will read as zero, target image sectors will be unmapped; otherwise, zeroes will be written. Both will result in identical contents. Default is true. (Since 2.4)

copy-mode: MirrorCopyMode (optional)

when to copy data to the destination; defaults to ‘background’ (Since: 3.0)

auto-finalize: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a PENDING state after it has finished its work, waiting for block-job-finalize before making any block graph changes. When true, this job will automatically perform its abort or commit actions. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

auto-dismiss: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a CONCLUDED state after it has completely ceased all work, and awaits block-job-dismiss. When true, this job will automatically disappear from the query list without user intervention. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

Since

1.3

BlockDirtyBitmap (Object)

Members

node: string

name of device/node which the bitmap is tracking

name: string

name of the dirty bitmap

Since

2.4

BlockDirtyBitmapAdd (Object)

Members

node: string

name of device/node which the bitmap is tracking

name: string

name of the dirty bitmap (must be less than 1024 bytes)

granularity: int (optional)

the bitmap granularity, default is 64k for block-dirty-bitmap-add

persistent: boolean (optional)

the bitmap is persistent, i.e. it will be saved to the corresponding block device image file on its close. For now only Qcow2 disks support persistent bitmaps. Default is false for block-dirty-bitmap-add. (Since: 2.10)

disabled: boolean (optional)

the bitmap is created in the disabled state, which means that it will not track drive changes. The bitmap may be enabled with block-dirty-bitmap-enable. Default is false. (Since: 4.0)

Since

2.4

BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource (Alternate)

Members

local: string

name of the bitmap, attached to the same node as target bitmap.

external: BlockDirtyBitmap

bitmap with specified node

Since

4.1

BlockDirtyBitmapMerge (Object)

Members

node: string

name of device/node which the target bitmap is tracking

target: string

name of the destination dirty bitmap

bitmaps: array of BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSource

name(s) of the source dirty bitmap(s) at node and/or fully specified BlockDirtyBitmap elements. The latter are supported since 4.1.

Since

4.0

block-dirty-bitmap-add (Command)

Create a dirty bitmap with a name on the node, and start tracking the writes.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device or node, DeviceNotFound

• If name is already taken, GenericError with an explanation

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-add",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "name": "bitmap0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-dirty-bitmap-remove (Command)

Stop write tracking and remove the dirty bitmap that was created with block-dirty-bitmap-add. If the bitmap is persistent, remove it from its storage too.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device or node, DeviceNotFound

• If name is not found, GenericError with an explanation

• if name is frozen by an operation, GenericError

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-remove",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "name": "bitmap0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-dirty-bitmap-clear (Command)

Clear (reset) a dirty bitmap on the device, so that an incremental backup from this point in time forward will only backup clusters modified after this clear operation.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

• If name is not found, GenericError with an explanation

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-clear",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "name": "bitmap0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-dirty-bitmap-enable (Command)

Enables a dirty bitmap so that it will begin tracking disk changes.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

• If name is not found, GenericError with an explanation

Since

4.0

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-enable",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "name": "bitmap0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-dirty-bitmap-disable (Command)

Disables a dirty bitmap so that it will stop tracking disk changes.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

• If name is not found, GenericError with an explanation

Since

4.0

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-disable",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "name": "bitmap0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-dirty-bitmap-merge (Command)

Merge dirty bitmaps listed in bitmaps to the target dirty bitmap. Dirty bitmaps in bitmaps will be unchanged, except if it also appears as the target bitmap. Any bits already set in target will still be set after the merge, i.e., this operation does not clear the target. On error, target is unchanged.

The resulting bitmap will count as dirty any clusters that were dirty in any of the source bitmaps. This can be used to achieve backup checkpoints, or in simpler usages, to copy bitmaps.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If node is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

• If any bitmap in bitmaps or target is not found, GenericError

• If any of the bitmaps have different sizes or granularities, GenericError

Since

4.0

Example

-> { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-merge",
     "arguments": { "node": "drive0", "target": "bitmap0",
                    "bitmaps": ["bitmap1"] } }
<- { "return": {} }

BlockDirtyBitmapSha256 (Object)

SHA256 hash of dirty bitmap data

Members

sha256: string

ASCII representation of SHA256 bitmap hash

Since

2.10

x-debug-block-dirty-bitmap-sha256 (Command)

Get bitmap SHA256.

Returns

• BlockDirtyBitmapSha256 on success

• If node is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

• If name is not found or if hashing has failed, GenericError with an explanation

Since

2.10

blockdev-mirror (Command)

Start mirroring a block device’s writes to a new destination.

Arguments

job-id: string (optional)

identifier for the newly-created block job. If omitted, the device name will be used. (Since 2.7)

device: string

The device name or node-name of a root node whose writes should be mirrored.

target: string

the id or node-name of the block device to mirror to. This mustn’t be attached to guest.

replaces: string (optional)

with sync=full graph node name to be replaced by the new image when a whole image copy is done. This can be used to repair broken Quorum files. By default, device is replaced, although implicitly created filters on it are kept.

speed: int (optional)

the maximum speed, in bytes per second

sync: MirrorSyncMode

what parts of the disk image should be copied to the destination (all the disk, only the sectors allocated in the topmost image, or only new I/O).

granularity: int (optional)

granularity of the dirty bitmap, default is 64K if the image format doesn’t have clusters, 4K if the clusters are smaller than that, else the cluster size. Must be a power of 2 between 512 and 64M

buf-size: int (optional)

maximum amount of data in flight from source to target

on-source-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the source, default ‘report’. ‘stop’ and ‘enospc’ can only be used if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo).

on-target-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error on the target, default ‘report’ (no limitations, since this applies to a different block device than device).

filter-node-name: string (optional)

the node name that should be assigned to the filter driver that the mirror job inserts into the graph above device. If this option is not given, a node name is autogenerated. (Since: 2.9)

copy-mode: MirrorCopyMode (optional)

when to copy data to the destination; defaults to ‘background’ (Since: 3.0)

auto-finalize: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a PENDING state after it has finished its work, waiting for block-job-finalize before making any block graph changes. When true, this job will automatically perform its abort or commit actions. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

auto-dismiss: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a CONCLUDED state after it has completely ceased all work, and awaits block-job-dismiss. When true, this job will automatically disappear from the query list without user intervention. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

Returns

nothing on success.

Since

2.6

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-mirror",
     "arguments": { "device": "ide-hd0",
                    "target": "target0",
                    "sync": "full" } }
<- { "return": {} }

BlockIOThrottle (Object)

A set of parameters describing block throttling.

Members

device: string (optional)

Block device name

id: string (optional)

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since: 2.8)

bps: int

total throughput limit in bytes per second

bps_rd: int

read throughput limit in bytes per second

bps_wr: int

write throughput limit in bytes per second

iops: int

total I/O operations per second

iops_rd: int

read I/O operations per second

iops_wr: int

write I/O operations per second

bps_max: int (optional)

total throughput limit during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_rd_max: int (optional)

read throughput limit during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_wr_max: int (optional)

write throughput limit during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_max: int (optional)

total I/O operations per second during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_rd_max: int (optional)

read I/O operations per second during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

iops_wr_max: int (optional)

write I/O operations per second during bursts, in bytes (Since 1.7)

bps_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if bps_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

bps_rd_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_rd_max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if bps_rd_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

bps_wr_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the bps_wr_max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if bps_wr_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

iops_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if iops_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

iops_rd_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops_rd_max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if iops_rd_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

iops_wr_max_length: int (optional)

maximum length of the iops_wr_max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if iops_wr_max is set as well. Defaults to 1. (Since 2.6)

iops_size: int (optional)

an I/O size in bytes (Since 1.7)

group: string (optional)

throttle group name (Since 2.4)

Features

deprecated

Member device is deprecated. Use id instead.

Since

1.1

ThrottleLimits (Object)

Limit parameters for throttling. Since some limit combinations are illegal, limits should always be set in one transaction. All fields are optional. When setting limits, if a field is missing the current value is not changed.

Members

iops-total: int (optional)

limit total I/O operations per second

iops-total-max: int (optional)

I/O operations burst

iops-total-max-length: int (optional)

length of the iops-total-max burst period, in seconds It must only be set if iops-total-max is set as well.

iops-read: int (optional)

limit read operations per second

iops-read-max: int (optional)

I/O operations read burst

iops-read-max-length: int (optional)

length of the iops-read-max burst period, in seconds It must only be set if iops-read-max is set as well.

iops-write: int (optional)

limit write operations per second

iops-write-max: int (optional)

I/O operations write burst

iops-write-max-length: int (optional)

length of the iops-write-max burst period, in seconds It must only be set if iops-write-max is set as well.

bps-total: int (optional)

limit total bytes per second

bps-total-max: int (optional)

total bytes burst

bps-total-max-length: int (optional)

length of the bps-total-max burst period, in seconds. It must only be set if bps-total-max is set as well.

bps-read: int (optional)

limit read bytes per second

bps-read-max: int (optional)

total bytes read burst

bps-read-max-length: int (optional)

length of the bps-read-max burst period, in seconds It must only be set if bps-read-max is set as well.

bps-write: int (optional)

limit write bytes per second

bps-write-max: int (optional)

total bytes write burst

bps-write-max-length: int (optional)

length of the bps-write-max burst period, in seconds It must only be set if bps-write-max is set as well.

iops-size: int (optional)

when limiting by iops max size of an I/O in bytes

Since

2.11

ThrottleGroupProperties (Object)

Properties for throttle-group objects.

The options starting with x- are aliases for the same key without x- in the limits object. As indicated by the x- prefix, this is not a stable interface and may be removed or changed incompatibly in the future. Use limits for a supported stable interface.

Members

limits: ThrottleLimits (optional)

limits to apply for this throttle group

x-iops-total: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-total-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-total-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-read: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-read-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-read-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-write: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-write-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-write-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-total: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-total-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-total-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-read: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-read-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-read-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-write: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-write-max: int (optional)

Not documented

x-bps-write-max-length: int (optional)

Not documented

x-iops-size: int (optional)

Not documented

Since

2.11

block-stream (Command)

Copy data from a backing file into a block device.

The block streaming operation is performed in the background until the entire backing file has been copied. This command returns immediately once streaming has started. The status of ongoing block streaming operations can be checked with query-block-jobs. The operation can be stopped before it has completed using the block-job-cancel command.

The node that receives the data is called the top image, can be located in any part of the chain (but always above the base image; see below) and can be specified using its device or node name. Earlier qemu versions only allowed ‘device’ to name the top level node; presence of the ‘base-node’ parameter during introspection can be used as a witness of the enhanced semantics of ‘device’.

If a base file is specified then sectors are not copied from that base file and its backing chain. This can be used to stream a subset of the backing file chain instead of flattening the entire image. When streaming completes the image file will have the base file as its backing file, unless that node was changed while the job was running. In that case, base’s parent’s backing (or filtered, whichever exists) child (i.e., base at the beginning of the job) will be the new backing file.

On successful completion the image file is updated to drop the backing file and the BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED event is emitted.

In case device is a filter node, block-stream modifies the first non-filter overlay node below it to point to the new backing node instead of modifying device itself.

Arguments

job-id: string (optional)

identifier for the newly-created block job. If omitted, the device name will be used. (Since 2.7)

device: string

the device or node name of the top image

base: string (optional)

the common backing file name. It cannot be set if base-node or bottom is also set.

base-node: string (optional)

the node name of the backing file. It cannot be set if base or bottom is also set. (Since 2.8)

bottom: string (optional)

the last node in the chain that should be streamed into top. It cannot be set if base or base-node is also set. It cannot be filter node. (Since 6.0)

backing-file: string (optional)

The backing file string to write into the top image. This filename is not validated.

If a pathname string is such that it cannot be resolved by QEMU, that means that subsequent QMP or HMP commands must use node-names for the image in question, as filename lookup methods will fail.

If not specified, QEMU will automatically determine the backing file string to use, or error out if there is no obvious choice. Care should be taken when specifying the string, to specify a valid filename or protocol. (Since 2.1)

speed: int (optional)

the maximum speed, in bytes per second

on-error: BlockdevOnError (optional)

the action to take on an error (default report). ‘stop’ and ‘enospc’ can only be used if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo). Since 1.3.

filter-node-name: string (optional)

the node name that should be assigned to the filter driver that the stream job inserts into the graph above device. If this option is not given, a node name is autogenerated. (Since: 6.0)

auto-finalize: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a PENDING state after it has finished its work, waiting for block-job-finalize before making any block graph changes. When true, this job will automatically perform its abort or commit actions. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

auto-dismiss: boolean (optional)

When false, this job will wait in a CONCLUDED state after it has completely ceased all work, and awaits block-job-dismiss. When true, this job will automatically disappear from the query list without user intervention. Defaults to true. (Since 3.1)

Returns

• Nothing on success.

• If device does not exist, DeviceNotFound.

Since

1.1

Example

-> { "execute": "block-stream",
     "arguments": { "device": "virtio0",
                    "base": "/tmp/master.qcow2" } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-job-set-speed (Command)

Set maximum speed for a background block operation.

This command can only be issued when there is an active block job.

Throttling can be disabled by setting the speed to 0.

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. This used to be a device name (hence the name of the parameter), but since QEMU 2.7 it can have other values.

speed: int

the maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited. Defaults to 0.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If no background operation is active on this device, DeviceNotActive

Since

1.1

block-job-cancel (Command)

Stop an active background block operation.

This command returns immediately after marking the active background block operation for cancellation. It is an error to call this command if no operation is in progress.

The operation will cancel as soon as possible and then emit the BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED event. Before that happens the job is still visible when enumerated using query-block-jobs.

Note that if you issue ‘block-job-cancel’ after ‘drive-mirror’ has indicated (via the event BLOCK_JOB_READY) that the source and destination are synchronized, then the event triggered by this command changes to BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED, to indicate that the mirroring has ended and the destination now has a point-in-time copy tied to the time of the cancellation.

For streaming, the image file retains its backing file unless the streaming operation happens to complete just as it is being cancelled. A new streaming operation can be started at a later time to finish copying all data from the backing file.

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. This used to be a device name (hence the name of the parameter), but since QEMU 2.7 it can have other values.

force: boolean (optional)

If true, and the job has already emitted the event BLOCK_JOB_READY, abandon the job immediately (even if it is paused) instead of waiting for the destination to complete its final synchronization (since 1.3)

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If no background operation is active on this device, DeviceNotActive

Since

1.1

block-job-pause (Command)

Pause an active background block operation.

This command returns immediately after marking the active background block operation for pausing. It is an error to call this command if no operation is in progress or if the job is already paused.

The operation will pause as soon as possible. No event is emitted when the operation is actually paused. Cancelling a paused job automatically resumes it.

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. This used to be a device name (hence the name of the parameter), but since QEMU 2.7 it can have other values.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If no background operation is active on this device, DeviceNotActive

Since

1.3

block-job-resume (Command)

Resume an active background block operation.

This command returns immediately after resuming a paused background block operation. It is an error to call this command if no operation is in progress or if the job is not paused.

This command also clears the error status of the job.

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. This used to be a device name (hence the name of the parameter), but since QEMU 2.7 it can have other values.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If no background operation is active on this device, DeviceNotActive

Since

1.3

block-job-complete (Command)

Manually trigger completion of an active background block operation. This is supported for drive mirroring, where it also switches the device to write to the target path only. The ability to complete is signaled with a BLOCK_JOB_READY event.

This command completes an active background block operation synchronously. The ordering of this command’s return with the BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED event is not defined. Note that if an I/O error occurs during the processing of this command: 1) the command itself will fail; 2) the error will be processed according to the rerror/werror arguments that were specified when starting the operation.

A cancelled or paused job cannot be completed.

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. This used to be a device name (hence the name of the parameter), but since QEMU 2.7 it can have other values.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If no background operation is active on this device, DeviceNotActive

Since

1.3

block-job-dismiss (Command)

For jobs that have already concluded, remove them from the block-job-query list. This command only needs to be run for jobs which were started with QEMU 2.12+ job lifetime management semantics.

This command will refuse to operate on any job that has not yet reached its terminal state, JOB_STATUS_CONCLUDED. For jobs that make use of the BLOCK_JOB_READY event, block-job-cancel or block-job-complete will still need to be used as appropriate.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

2.12

block-job-finalize (Command)

Once a job that has manual=true reaches the pending state, it can be instructed to finalize any graph changes and do any necessary cleanup via this command. For jobs in a transaction, instructing one job to finalize will force ALL jobs in the transaction to finalize, so it is only necessary to instruct a single member job to finalize.

Arguments

id: string

The job identifier.

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

2.12

BlockdevDiscardOptions (Enum)

Determines how to handle discard requests.

Values

ignore

Ignore the request

unmap

Forward as an unmap request

Since

2.9

BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions (Enum)

Describes the operation mode for the automatic conversion of plain zero writes by the OS to driver specific optimized zero write commands.

Values

off

Disabled (default)

on

Enabled

unmap

Enabled and even try to unmap blocks if possible. This requires also that BlockdevDiscardOptions is set to unmap for this device.

Since

2.1

BlockdevAioOptions (Enum)

Selects the AIO backend to handle I/O requests

Values

threads

Use qemu’s thread pool

native

Use native AIO backend (only Linux and Windows)

io_uring (If: defined(CONFIG_LINUX_IO_URING))

Use linux io_uring (since 5.0)

Since

2.9

BlockdevCacheOptions (Object)

Includes cache-related options for block devices

Members

direct: boolean (optional)

enables use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache; default: false)

no-flush: boolean (optional)

ignore any flush requests for the device (default: false)

Since

2.9

BlockdevDriver (Enum)

Drivers that are supported in block device operations.

Values

throttle

Since 2.11

nvme

Since 2.12

copy-on-read

Since 3.0

blklogwrites

Since 3.0

blkreplay

Since 4.2

compress

Since 5.0

blkdebug

Not documented

blkverify

Not documented

bochs

Not documented

cloop

Not documented

dmg

Not documented

file

Not documented

ftp

Not documented

ftps

Not documented

gluster

Not documented

host_cdrom

Not documented

host_device

Not documented

http

Not documented

https

Not documented

iscsi

Not documented

luks

Not documented

nbd

Not documented

nfs

Not documented

null-aio

Not documented

null-co

Not documented

parallels

Not documented

preallocate

Not documented

qcow

Not documented

qcow2

Not documented

qed

Not documented

quorum

Not documented

raw

Not documented

rbd

Not documented

replication (If: defined(CONFIG_REPLICATION))

Not documented

sheepdog

Not documented

ssh

Not documented

vdi

Not documented

vhdx

Not documented

vmdk

Not documented

vpc

Not documented

vvfat

Not documented

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsFile (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the file backend.

Members

filename: string

path to the image file

pr-manager: string (optional)

the id for the object that will handle persistent reservations for this device (default: none, forward the commands via SG_IO; since 2.11)

aio: BlockdevAioOptions (optional)

AIO backend (default: threads) (since: 2.8)

locking: OnOffAuto (optional)

whether to enable file locking. If set to ‘auto’, only enable when Open File Descriptor (OFD) locking API is available (default: auto, since 2.10)

drop-cache: boolean (optional) (If: defined(CONFIG_LINUX))

invalidate page cache during live migration. This prevents stale data on the migration destination with cache.direct=off. Currently only supported on Linux hosts. (default: on, since: 4.0)

x-check-cache-dropped: boolean (optional)

whether to check that page cache was dropped on live migration. May cause noticeable delays if the image file is large, do not use in production. (default: off) (since: 3.0)

Features

dynamic-auto-read-only

If present, enabled auto-read-only means that the driver will open the image read-only at first, dynamically reopen the image file read-write when the first writer is attached to the node and reopen read-only when the last writer is detached. This allows giving QEMU write permissions only on demand when an operation actually needs write access.

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsNull (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the null backend.

Members

size: int (optional)

size of the device in bytes.

latency-ns: int (optional)

emulated latency (in nanoseconds) in processing requests. Default to zero which completes requests immediately. (Since 2.4)

read-zeroes: boolean (optional)

if true, reads from the device produce zeroes; if false, the buffer is left unchanged. (default: false; since: 4.1)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsNVMe (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the NVMe backend.

Members

device: string

PCI controller address of the NVMe device in format hhhh:bb:ss.f (host:bus:slot.function)

namespace: int

namespace number of the device, starting from 1.

Note that the PCI device must have been unbound from any host kernel driver before instructing QEMU to add the blockdev.

Since

2.12

BlockdevOptionsVVFAT (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the vvfat protocol.

Members

dir: string

directory to be exported as FAT image

fat-type: int (optional)

FAT type: 12, 16 or 32

floppy: boolean (optional)

whether to export a floppy image (true) or partitioned hard disk (false; default)

label: string (optional)

set the volume label, limited to 11 bytes. FAT16 and FAT32 traditionally have some restrictions on labels, which are ignored by most operating systems. Defaults to “QEMU VVFAT”. (since 2.4)

rw: boolean (optional)

whether to allow write operations (default: false)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat (Object)

Driver specific block device options for image format that have no option besides their data source.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

reference to or definition of the data source block device

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsLUKS (Object)

Driver specific block device options for LUKS.

Members

key-secret: string (optional)

the ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the decryption key (since 2.6). Mandatory except when doing a metadata-only probe of the image.

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat (Object)

Driver specific block device options for image format that have no option besides their data source and an optional backing file.

Members

backing: BlockdevRefOrNull (optional)

reference to or definition of the backing file block device, null disables the backing file entirely. Defaults to the backing file stored the image file.

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

2.9

Qcow2OverlapCheckMode (Enum)

General overlap check modes.

Values

none

Do not perform any checks

constant

Perform only checks which can be done in constant time and without reading anything from disk

cached

Perform only checks which can be done without reading anything from disk

all

Perform all available overlap checks

Since

2.9

Qcow2OverlapCheckFlags (Object)

Structure of flags for each metadata structure. Setting a field to ‘true’ makes qemu guard that structure against unintended overwriting. The default value is chosen according to the template given.

Members

template: Qcow2OverlapCheckMode (optional)

Specifies a template mode which can be adjusted using the other flags, defaults to ‘cached’

bitmap-directory: boolean (optional)

since 3.0

main-header: boolean (optional)

Not documented

active-l1: boolean (optional)

Not documented

active-l2: boolean (optional)

Not documented

refcount-table: boolean (optional)

Not documented

refcount-block: boolean (optional)

Not documented

snapshot-table: boolean (optional)

Not documented

inactive-l1: boolean (optional)

Not documented

inactive-l2: boolean (optional)

Not documented

Since

2.9

Qcow2OverlapChecks (Alternate)

Specifies which metadata structures should be guarded against unintended overwriting.

Members

flags: Qcow2OverlapCheckFlags

set of flags for separate specification of each metadata structure type

mode: Qcow2OverlapCheckMode

named mode which chooses a specific set of flags

Since

2.9

BlockdevQcowEncryptionFormat (Enum)

Values

aes

AES-CBC with plain64 initialization vectors

Since

2.10

BlockdevQcowEncryption (Object)

Members

format: BlockdevQcowEncryptionFormat

Not documented

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow when format is "aes"

Since

2.10

BlockdevOptionsQcow (Object)

Driver specific block device options for qcow.

Members

encrypt: BlockdevQcowEncryption (optional)

Image decryption options. Mandatory for encrypted images, except when doing a metadata-only probe of the image.

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat

Since

2.10

BlockdevQcow2EncryptionFormat (Enum)

Values

aes

AES-CBC with plain64 initialization vectors

luks

Not documented

Since

2.10

BlockdevQcow2Encryption (Object)

Members

format: BlockdevQcow2EncryptionFormat

Not documented

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsQCow when format is "aes"

The members of QCryptoBlockOptionsLUKS when format is "luks"

Since

2.10

BlockdevOptionsPreallocate (Object)

Filter driver intended to be inserted between format and protocol node and do preallocation in protocol node on write.

Members

prealloc-align: int (optional)

on preallocation, align file length to this number, default 1048576 (1M)

prealloc-size: int (optional)

how much to preallocate, default 134217728 (128M)

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

6.0

BlockdevOptionsQcow2 (Object)

Driver specific block device options for qcow2.

Members

lazy-refcounts: boolean (optional)

whether to enable the lazy refcounts feature (default is taken from the image file)

pass-discard-request: boolean (optional)

whether discard requests to the qcow2 device should be forwarded to the data source

pass-discard-snapshot: boolean (optional)

whether discard requests for the data source should be issued when a snapshot operation (e.g. deleting a snapshot) frees clusters in the qcow2 file

pass-discard-other: boolean (optional)

whether discard requests for the data source should be issued on other occasions where a cluster gets freed

overlap-check: Qcow2OverlapChecks (optional)

which overlap checks to perform for writes to the image, defaults to ‘cached’ (since 2.2)

cache-size: int (optional)

the maximum total size of the L2 table and refcount block caches in bytes (since 2.2)

l2-cache-size: int (optional)

the maximum size of the L2 table cache in bytes (since 2.2)

l2-cache-entry-size: int (optional)

the size of each entry in the L2 cache in bytes. It must be a power of two between 512 and the cluster size. The default value is the cluster size (since 2.12)

refcount-cache-size: int (optional)

the maximum size of the refcount block cache in bytes (since 2.2)

cache-clean-interval: int (optional)

clean unused entries in the L2 and refcount caches. The interval is in seconds. The default value is 600 on supporting platforms, and 0 on other platforms. 0 disables this feature. (since 2.5)

encrypt: BlockdevQcow2Encryption (optional)

Image decryption options. Mandatory for encrypted images, except when doing a metadata-only probe of the image. (since 2.10)

data-file: BlockdevRef (optional)

reference to or definition of the external data file. This may only be specified for images that require an external data file. If it is not specified for such an image, the data file name is loaded from the image file. (since 4.0)

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat

Since

2.9

SshHostKeyCheckMode (Enum)

Values

none

Don’t check the host key at all

hash

Compare the host key with a given hash

known_hosts

Check the host key against the known_hosts file

Since

2.12

SshHostKeyCheckHashType (Enum)

Values

md5

The given hash is an md5 hash

sha1

The given hash is an sha1 hash

Since

2.12

SshHostKeyHash (Object)

Members

type: SshHostKeyCheckHashType

The hash algorithm used for the hash

hash: string

The expected hash value

Since

2.12

SshHostKeyCheck (Object)

Members

mode: SshHostKeyCheckMode

Not documented

The members of SshHostKeyHash when mode is "hash"

Since

2.12

BlockdevOptionsSsh (Object)

Members

server: InetSocketAddress

host address

path: string

path to the image on the host

user: string (optional)

user as which to connect, defaults to current local user name

host-key-check: SshHostKeyCheck (optional)

Defines how and what to check the host key against (default: known_hosts)

Since

2.9

BlkdebugEvent (Enum)

Trigger events supported by blkdebug.

Values

l1_shrink_write_table

write zeros to the l1 table to shrink image. (since 2.11)

l1_shrink_free_l2_clusters

discard the l2 tables. (since 2.11)

cor_write

a write due to copy-on-read (since 2.11)

cluster_alloc_space

an allocation of file space for a cluster (since 4.1)

none

triggers once at creation of the blkdebug node (since 4.1)

l1_update

Not documented

l1_grow_alloc_table

Not documented

l1_grow_write_table

Not documented

l1_grow_activate_table

Not documented

l2_load

Not documented

l2_update

Not documented

l2_update_compressed

Not documented

l2_alloc_cow_read

Not documented

l2_alloc_write

Not documented

read_aio

Not documented

read_backing_aio

Not documented

read_compressed

Not documented

write_aio

Not documented

write_compressed

Not documented

vmstate_load

Not documented

vmstate_save

Not documented

cow_read

Not documented

cow_write

Not documented

reftable_load

Not documented

reftable_grow

Not documented

reftable_update

Not documented

refblock_load

Not documented

refblock_update

Not documented

refblock_update_part

Not documented

refblock_alloc

Not documented

refblock_alloc_hookup

Not documented

refblock_alloc_write

Not documented

refblock_alloc_write_blocks

Not documented

refblock_alloc_write_table

Not documented

refblock_alloc_switch_table

Not documented

cluster_alloc

Not documented

cluster_alloc_bytes

Not documented

cluster_free

Not documented

flush_to_os

Not documented

flush_to_disk

Not documented

pwritev_rmw_head

Not documented

pwritev_rmw_after_head

Not documented

pwritev_rmw_tail

Not documented

pwritev_rmw_after_tail

Not documented

pwritev

Not documented

pwritev_zero

Not documented

pwritev_done

Not documented

empty_image_prepare

Not documented

Since

2.9

BlkdebugIOType (Enum)

Kinds of I/O that blkdebug can inject errors in.

Values

read

.bdrv_co_preadv()

write

.bdrv_co_pwritev()

write-zeroes

.bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes()

discard

.bdrv_co_pdiscard()

flush

.bdrv_co_flush_to_disk()

block-status

.bdrv_co_block_status()

Since

4.1

BlkdebugInjectErrorOptions (Object)

Describes a single error injection for blkdebug.

Members

event: BlkdebugEvent

trigger event

state: int (optional)

the state identifier blkdebug needs to be in to actually trigger the event; defaults to “any”

iotype: BlkdebugIOType (optional)

the type of I/O operations on which this error should be injected; defaults to “all read, write, write-zeroes, discard, and flush operations” (since: 4.1)

errno: int (optional)

error identifier (errno) to be returned; defaults to EIO

sector: int (optional)

specifies the sector index which has to be affected in order to actually trigger the event; defaults to “any sector”

once: boolean (optional)

disables further events after this one has been triggered; defaults to false

immediately: boolean (optional)

fail immediately; defaults to false

Since

2.9

BlkdebugSetStateOptions (Object)

Describes a single state-change event for blkdebug.

Members

event: BlkdebugEvent

trigger event

state: int (optional)

the current state identifier blkdebug needs to be in; defaults to “any”

new_state: int

the state identifier blkdebug is supposed to assume if this event is triggered

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsBlkdebug (Object)

Driver specific block device options for blkdebug.

Members

image: BlockdevRef

underlying raw block device (or image file)

config: string (optional)

filename of the configuration file

align: int (optional)

required alignment for requests in bytes, must be positive power of 2, or 0 for default

max-transfer: int (optional)

maximum size for I/O transfers in bytes, must be positive multiple of align and of the underlying file’s request alignment (but need not be a power of 2), or 0 for default (since 2.10)

opt-write-zero: int (optional)

preferred alignment for write zero requests in bytes, must be positive multiple of align and of the underlying file’s request alignment (but need not be a power of 2), or 0 for default (since 2.10)

max-write-zero: int (optional)

maximum size for write zero requests in bytes, must be positive multiple of align, of opt-write-zero, and of the underlying file’s request alignment (but need not be a power of 2), or 0 for default (since 2.10)

opt-discard: int (optional)

preferred alignment for discard requests in bytes, must be positive multiple of align and of the underlying file’s request alignment (but need not be a power of 2), or 0 for default (since 2.10)

max-discard: int (optional)

maximum size for discard requests in bytes, must be positive multiple of align, of opt-discard, and of the underlying file’s request alignment (but need not be a power of 2), or 0 for default (since 2.10)

inject-error: array of BlkdebugInjectErrorOptions (optional)

array of error injection descriptions

set-state: array of BlkdebugSetStateOptions (optional)

array of state-change descriptions

take-child-perms: array of BlockPermission (optional)

Permissions to take on image in addition to what is necessary anyway (which depends on how the blkdebug node is used). Defaults to none. (since 5.0)

unshare-child-perms: array of BlockPermission (optional)

Permissions not to share on image in addition to what cannot be shared anyway (which depends on how the blkdebug node is used). Defaults to none. (since 5.0)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsBlklogwrites (Object)

Driver specific block device options for blklogwrites.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

block device

log: BlockdevRef

block device used to log writes to file

log-sector-size: int (optional)

sector size used in logging writes to file, determines granularity of offsets and sizes of writes (default: 512)

log-append: boolean (optional)

append to an existing log (default: false)

log-super-update-interval: int (optional)

interval of write requests after which the log super block is updated to disk (default: 4096)

Since

3.0

BlockdevOptionsBlkverify (Object)

Driver specific block device options for blkverify.

Members

test: BlockdevRef

block device to be tested

raw: BlockdevRef

raw image used for verification

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsBlkreplay (Object)

Driver specific block device options for blkreplay.

Members

image: BlockdevRef

disk image which should be controlled with blkreplay

Since

4.2

QuorumReadPattern (Enum)

An enumeration of quorum read patterns.

Values

quorum

read all the children and do a quorum vote on reads

fifo

read only from the first child that has not failed

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsQuorum (Object)

Driver specific block device options for Quorum

Members

blkverify: boolean (optional)

true if the driver must print content mismatch

set to false by default

children: array of BlockdevRef

the children block devices to use

vote-threshold: int

the vote limit under which a read will fail

rewrite-corrupted: boolean (optional)

rewrite corrupted data when quorum is reached (Since 2.1)

read-pattern: QuorumReadPattern (optional)

choose read pattern and set to quorum by default (Since 2.2)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsGluster (Object)

Driver specific block device options for Gluster

Members

volume: string

name of gluster volume where VM image resides

path: string

absolute path to image file in gluster volume

server: array of SocketAddress

gluster servers description

debug: int (optional)

libgfapi log level (default ‘4’ which is Error) (Since 2.8)

logfile: string (optional)

libgfapi log file (default /dev/stderr) (Since 2.8)

Since

2.9

IscsiTransport (Enum)

An enumeration of libiscsi transport types

Values

tcp

Not documented

iser

Not documented

Since

2.9

IscsiHeaderDigest (Enum)

An enumeration of header digests supported by libiscsi

Values

crc32c

Not documented

none

Not documented

crc32c-none

Not documented

none-crc32c

Not documented

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsIscsi (Object)

Members

transport: IscsiTransport

The iscsi transport type

portal: string

The address of the iscsi portal

target: string

The target iqn name

lun: int (optional)

LUN to connect to. Defaults to 0.

user: string (optional)

User name to log in with. If omitted, no CHAP authentication is performed.

password-secret: string (optional)

The ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the password for the login. This option is required if user is specified.

initiator-name: string (optional)

The iqn name we want to identify to the target as. If this option is not specified, an initiator name is generated automatically.

header-digest: IscsiHeaderDigest (optional)

The desired header digest. Defaults to none-crc32c.

timeout: int (optional)

Timeout in seconds after which a request will timeout. 0 means no timeout and is the default.

Driver specific block device options for iscsi

Since

2.9

RbdAuthMode (Enum)

Values

cephx

Not documented

none

Not documented

Since

3.0

BlockdevOptionsRbd (Object)

Members

pool: string

Ceph pool name.

namespace: string (optional)

Rados namespace name in the Ceph pool. (Since 5.0)

image: string

Image name in the Ceph pool.

conf: string (optional)

path to Ceph configuration file. Values in the configuration file will be overridden by options specified via QAPI.

snapshot: string (optional)

Ceph snapshot name.

user: string (optional)

Ceph id name.

auth-client-required: array of RbdAuthMode (optional)

Acceptable authentication modes. This maps to Ceph configuration option “auth_client_required”. (Since 3.0)

key-secret: string (optional)

ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing a key for cephx authentication. This maps to Ceph configuration option “key”. (Since 3.0)

server: array of InetSocketAddressBase (optional)

Monitor host address and port. This maps to the “mon_host” Ceph option.

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsSheepdog (Object)

Driver specific block device options for sheepdog

Members

vdi: string

Virtual disk image name

server: SocketAddress

The Sheepdog server to connect to

snap-id: int (optional)

Snapshot ID

tag: string (optional)

Snapshot tag name

Only one of snap-id and tag may be present.

Since

2.9

ReplicationMode (Enum)

An enumeration of replication modes.

Values

primary

Primary mode, the vm’s state will be sent to secondary QEMU.

secondary

Secondary mode, receive the vm’s state from primary QEMU.

Since

2.9

If

defined(CONFIG_REPLICATION)

BlockdevOptionsReplication (Object)

Driver specific block device options for replication

Members

mode: ReplicationMode

the replication mode

top-id: string (optional)

In secondary mode, node name or device ID of the root node who owns the replication node chain. Must not be given in primary mode.

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

2.9

If

defined(CONFIG_REPLICATION)

NFSTransport (Enum)

An enumeration of NFS transport types

Values

inet

TCP transport

Since

2.9

NFSServer (Object)

Captures the address of the socket

Members

type: NFSTransport

transport type used for NFS (only TCP supported)

host: string

host address for NFS server

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsNfs (Object)

Driver specific block device option for NFS

Members

server: NFSServer

host address

path: string

path of the image on the host

user: int (optional)

UID value to use when talking to the server (defaults to 65534 on Windows and getuid() on unix)

group: int (optional)

GID value to use when talking to the server (defaults to 65534 on Windows and getgid() in unix)

tcp-syn-count: int (optional)

number of SYNs during the session establishment (defaults to libnfs default)

readahead-size: int (optional)

set the readahead size in bytes (defaults to libnfs default)

page-cache-size: int (optional)

set the pagecache size in bytes (defaults to libnfs default)

debug: int (optional)

set the NFS debug level (max 2) (defaults to libnfs default)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsCurlBase (Object)

Driver specific block device options shared by all protocols supported by the curl backend.

Members

url: string

URL of the image file

readahead: int (optional)

Size of the read-ahead cache; must be a multiple of 512 (defaults to 256 kB)

timeout: int (optional)

Timeout for connections, in seconds (defaults to 5)

username: string (optional)

Username for authentication (defaults to none)

password-secret: string (optional)

ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing a password for authentication (defaults to no password)

proxy-username: string (optional)

Username for proxy authentication (defaults to none)

proxy-password-secret: string (optional)

ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing a password for proxy authentication (defaults to no password)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsCurlHttp (Object)

Driver specific block device options for HTTP connections over the curl backend. URLs must start with “http://”.

Members

cookie: string (optional)

List of cookies to set; format is “name1=content1; name2=content2;” as explained by CURLOPT_COOKIE(3). Defaults to no cookies.

cookie-secret: string (optional)

ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the cookie data in a secure way. See cookie for the format. (since 2.10)

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlBase

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsCurlHttps (Object)

Driver specific block device options for HTTPS connections over the curl backend. URLs must start with “https://”.

Members

cookie: string (optional)

List of cookies to set; format is “name1=content1; name2=content2;” as explained by CURLOPT_COOKIE(3). Defaults to no cookies.

sslverify: boolean (optional)

Whether to verify the SSL certificate’s validity (defaults to true)

cookie-secret: string (optional)

ID of a QCryptoSecret object providing the cookie data in a secure way. See cookie for the format. (since 2.10)

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlBase

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsCurlFtp (Object)

Driver specific block device options for FTP connections over the curl backend. URLs must start with “ftp://”.

Members

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlBase

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsCurlFtps (Object)

Driver specific block device options for FTPS connections over the curl backend. URLs must start with “ftps://”.

Members

sslverify: boolean (optional)

Whether to verify the SSL certificate’s validity (defaults to true)

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlBase

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsNbd (Object)

Driver specific block device options for NBD.

Members

server: SocketAddress

NBD server address

export: string (optional)

export name

tls-creds: string (optional)

TLS credentials ID

x-dirty-bitmap: string (optional)

A metadata context name such as “qemu:dirty-bitmap:NAME” or “qemu:allocation-depth” to query in place of the traditional “base:allocation” block status (see NBD_OPT_LIST_META_CONTEXT in the NBD protocol; and yes, naming this option x-context would have made more sense) (since 3.0)

reconnect-delay: int (optional)

On an unexpected disconnect, the nbd client tries to connect again until succeeding or encountering a serious error. During the first reconnect-delay seconds, all requests are paused and will be rerun on a successful reconnect. After that time, any delayed requests and all future requests before a successful reconnect will immediately fail. Default 0 (Since 4.2)

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsRaw (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the raw driver.

Members

offset: int (optional)

position where the block device starts

size: int (optional)

the assumed size of the device

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

2.9

BlockdevOptionsThrottle (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the throttle driver

Members

throttle-group: string

the name of the throttle-group object to use. It must already exist.

file: BlockdevRef

reference to or definition of the data source block device

Since

2.11

BlockdevOptionsCor (Object)

Driver specific block device options for the copy-on-read driver.

Members

bottom: string (optional)

The name of a non-filter node (allocation-bearing layer) that limits the COR operations in the backing chain (inclusive), so that no data below this node will be copied by this filter. If option is absent, the limit is not applied, so that data from all backing layers may be copied.

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat

Since

6.0

BlockdevOptions (Object)

Options for creating a block device. Many options are available for all block devices, independent of the block driver:

Members

driver: BlockdevDriver

block driver name

node-name: string (optional)

the node name of the new node (Since 2.0). This option is required on the top level of blockdev-add. Valid node names start with an alphabetic character and may contain only alphanumeric characters, ‘-‘, ‘.’ and ‘_’. Their maximum length is 31 characters.

discard: BlockdevDiscardOptions (optional)

discard-related options (default: ignore)

cache: BlockdevCacheOptions (optional)

cache-related options

read-only: boolean (optional)

whether the block device should be read-only (default: false). Note that some block drivers support only read-only access, either generally or in certain configurations. In this case, the default value does not work and the option must be specified explicitly.

auto-read-only: boolean (optional)

if true and read-only is false, QEMU may automatically decide not to open the image read-write as requested, but fall back to read-only instead (and switch between the modes later), e.g. depending on whether the image file is writable or whether a writing user is attached to the node (default: false, since 3.1)

detect-zeroes: BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions (optional)

detect and optimize zero writes (Since 2.1) (default: off)

force-share: boolean (optional)

force share all permission on added nodes. Requires read-only=true. (Since 2.10)

The members of BlockdevOptionsBlkdebug when driver is "blkdebug"

The members of BlockdevOptionsBlklogwrites when driver is "blklogwrites"

The members of BlockdevOptionsBlkverify when driver is "blkverify"

The members of BlockdevOptionsBlkreplay when driver is "blkreplay"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "bochs"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "cloop"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "compress"

The members of BlockdevOptionsCor when driver is "copy-on-read"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "dmg"

The members of BlockdevOptionsFile when driver is "file"

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlFtp when driver is "ftp"

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlFtps when driver is "ftps"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGluster when driver is "gluster"

The members of BlockdevOptionsFile when driver is "host_cdrom"

The members of BlockdevOptionsFile when driver is "host_device"

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlHttp when driver is "http"

The members of BlockdevOptionsCurlHttps when driver is "https"

The members of BlockdevOptionsIscsi when driver is "iscsi"

The members of BlockdevOptionsLUKS when driver is "luks"

The members of BlockdevOptionsNbd when driver is "nbd"

The members of BlockdevOptionsNfs when driver is "nfs"

The members of BlockdevOptionsNull when driver is "null-aio"

The members of BlockdevOptionsNull when driver is "null-co"

The members of BlockdevOptionsNVMe when driver is "nvme"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "parallels"

The members of BlockdevOptionsPreallocate when driver is "preallocate"

The members of BlockdevOptionsQcow2 when driver is "qcow2"

The members of BlockdevOptionsQcow when driver is "qcow"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat when driver is "qed"

The members of BlockdevOptionsQuorum when driver is "quorum"

The members of BlockdevOptionsRaw when driver is "raw"

The members of BlockdevOptionsRbd when driver is "rbd"

The members of BlockdevOptionsReplication when driver is "replication" (If: defined(CONFIG_REPLICATION))

The members of BlockdevOptionsSheepdog when driver is "sheepdog"

The members of BlockdevOptionsSsh when driver is "ssh"

The members of BlockdevOptionsThrottle when driver is "throttle"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "vdi"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "vhdx"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericCOWFormat when driver is "vmdk"

The members of BlockdevOptionsGenericFormat when driver is "vpc"

The members of BlockdevOptionsVVFAT when driver is "vvfat"

Remaining options are determined by the block driver.

Since

2.9

BlockdevRef (Alternate)

Reference to a block device.

Members

definition: BlockdevOptions

defines a new block device inline

reference: string

references the ID of an existing block device

Since

2.9

BlockdevRefOrNull (Alternate)

Reference to a block device.

Members

definition: BlockdevOptions

defines a new block device inline

reference: string

references the ID of an existing block device. An empty string means that no block device should be referenced. Deprecated; use null instead.

null: null

No block device should be referenced (since 2.10)

Since

2.9

blockdev-add (Command)

Creates a new block device.

Arguments

The members of BlockdevOptions

Since

2.9

Example

1.
-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": {
          "driver": "qcow2",
          "node-name": "test1",
          "file": {
              "driver": "file",
              "filename": "test.qcow2"
           }
      }
    }
<- { "return": {} }

2.
-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": {
          "driver": "qcow2",
          "node-name": "node0",
          "discard": "unmap",
          "cache": {
             "direct": true
           },
           "file": {
             "driver": "file",
             "filename": "/tmp/test.qcow2"
           },
           "backing": {
              "driver": "raw",
              "file": {
                 "driver": "file",
                 "filename": "/dev/fdset/4"
               }
           }
       }
     }

<- { "return": {} }

x-blockdev-reopen (Command)

Reopens a block device using the given set of options. Any option not specified will be reset to its default value regardless of its previous status. If an option cannot be changed or a particular driver does not support reopening then the command will return an error.

The top-level node-name option (from BlockdevOptions) must be specified and is used to select the block device to be reopened. Other node-name options must be either omitted or set to the current name of the appropriate node. This command won’t change any node name and any attempt to do it will result in an error.

In the case of options that refer to child nodes, the behavior of this command depends on the value:

1. A set of options (BlockdevOptions): the child is reopened with the specified set of options.

2. A reference to the current child: the child is reopened using its existing set of options.

3. A reference to a different node: the current child is replaced with the specified one.

4. NULL: the current child (if any) is detached.

Options (1) and (2) are supported in all cases, but at the moment only backing allows replacing or detaching an existing child.

Unlike with blockdev-add, the backing option must always be present unless the node being reopened does not have a backing file and its image does not have a default backing file name as part of its metadata.

Arguments

The members of BlockdevOptions

Since

4.0

blockdev-del (Command)

Deletes a block device that has been added using blockdev-add. The command will fail if the node is attached to a device or is otherwise being used.

Arguments

node-name: string

Name of the graph node to delete.

Since

2.9

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": {
          "driver": "qcow2",
          "node-name": "node0",
          "file": {
              "driver": "file",
              "filename": "test.qcow2"
          }
     }
   }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-del",
     "arguments": { "node-name": "node0" }
   }
<- { "return": {} }

BlockdevCreateOptionsFile (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for file.

Members

filename: string

Filename for the new image file

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (default: off; allowed values: off, falloc (if defined CONFIG_POSIX_FALLOCATE), full (if defined CONFIG_POSIX))

nocow: boolean (optional)

Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs; default: off)

extent-size-hint: int (optional)

Extent size hint to add to the image file; 0 for not adding an extent size hint (default: 1 MB, since 5.1)

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsGluster (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for gluster.

Members

location: BlockdevOptionsGluster

Where to store the new image file

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (default: off; allowed values: off, falloc (if defined CONFIG_GLUSTERFS_FALLOCATE), full (if defined CONFIG_GLUSTERFS_ZEROFILL))

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsLUKS (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for LUKS.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (since: 4.2) (default: off; allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)

The members of QCryptoBlockCreateOptionsLUKS

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsNfs (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for NFS.

Members

location: BlockdevOptionsNfs

Where to store the new image file

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsParallels (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for parallels.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

cluster-size: int (optional)

Cluster size in bytes (default: 1 MB)

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for qcow.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

backing-file: string (optional)

File name of the backing file if a backing file should be used

encrypt: QCryptoBlockCreateOptions (optional)

Encryption options if the image should be encrypted

Since

2.12

BlockdevQcow2Version (Enum)

Values

v2

The original QCOW2 format as introduced in qemu 0.10 (version 2)

v3

The extended QCOW2 format as introduced in qemu 1.1 (version 3)

Since

2.12

Qcow2CompressionType (Enum)

Compression type used in qcow2 image file

Values

zlib

zlib compression, see <http://zlib.net/>

zstd (If: defined(CONFIG_ZSTD))

zstd compression, see <http://github.com/facebook/zstd>

Since

5.1

BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2 (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for qcow2.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

data-file: BlockdevRef (optional)

Node to use as an external data file in which all guest data is stored so that only metadata remains in the qcow2 file (since: 4.0)

data-file-raw: boolean (optional)

True if the external data file must stay valid as a standalone (read-only) raw image without looking at qcow2 metadata (default: false; since: 4.0)

extended-l2: boolean (optional)

True to make the image have extended L2 entries (default: false; since 5.2)

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

version: BlockdevQcow2Version (optional)

Compatibility level (default: v3)

backing-file: string (optional)

File name of the backing file if a backing file should be used

backing-fmt: BlockdevDriver (optional)

Name of the block driver to use for the backing file

encrypt: QCryptoBlockCreateOptions (optional)

Encryption options if the image should be encrypted

cluster-size: int (optional)

qcow2 cluster size in bytes (default: 65536)

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (default: off; allowed values: off, falloc, full, metadata)

lazy-refcounts: boolean (optional)

True if refcounts may be updated lazily (default: off)

refcount-bits: int (optional)

Width of reference counts in bits (default: 16)

compression-type: Qcow2CompressionType (optional)

The image cluster compression method (default: zlib, since 5.1)

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsQed (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for qed.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

backing-file: string (optional)

File name of the backing file if a backing file should be used

backing-fmt: BlockdevDriver (optional)

Name of the block driver to use for the backing file

cluster-size: int (optional)

Cluster size in bytes (default: 65536)

table-size: int (optional)

L1/L2 table size (in clusters)

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsRbd (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for rbd/Ceph.

Members

location: BlockdevOptionsRbd

Where to store the new image file. This location cannot point to a snapshot.

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

cluster-size: int (optional)

RBD object size

Since

2.12

BlockdevVmdkSubformat (Enum)

Subformat options for VMDK images

Values

monolithicSparse

Single file image with sparse cluster allocation

monolithicFlat

Single flat data image and a descriptor file

twoGbMaxExtentSparse

Data is split into 2GB (per virtual LBA) sparse extent files, in addition to a descriptor file

twoGbMaxExtentFlat

Data is split into 2GB (per virtual LBA) flat extent files, in addition to a descriptor file

streamOptimized

Single file image sparse cluster allocation, optimized for streaming over network.

Since

4.0

BlockdevVmdkAdapterType (Enum)

Adapter type info for VMDK images

Values

ide

Not documented

buslogic

Not documented

lsilogic

Not documented

legacyESX

Not documented

Since

4.0

BlockdevCreateOptionsVmdk (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for VMDK.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Where to store the new image file. This refers to the image file for monolithcSparse and streamOptimized format, or the descriptor file for other formats.

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

extents: array of BlockdevRef (optional)

Where to store the data extents. Required for monolithcFlat, twoGbMaxExtentSparse and twoGbMaxExtentFlat formats. For monolithicFlat, only one entry is required; for twoGbMaxExtent* formats, the number of entries required is calculated as extent_number = virtual_size / 2GB. Providing more extents than will be used is an error.

subformat: BlockdevVmdkSubformat (optional)

The subformat of the VMDK image. Default: “monolithicSparse”.

backing-file: string (optional)

The path of backing file. Default: no backing file is used.

adapter-type: BlockdevVmdkAdapterType (optional)

The adapter type used to fill in the descriptor. Default: ide.

hwversion: string (optional)

Hardware version. The meaningful options are “4” or “6”. Default: “4”.

zeroed-grain: boolean (optional)

Whether to enable zeroed-grain feature for sparse subformats. Default: false.

Since

4.0

SheepdogRedundancyType (Enum)

Values

full

Create a fully replicated vdi with x copies

erasure-coded

Create an erasure coded vdi with x data strips and y parity strips

Since

2.12

SheepdogRedundancyFull (Object)

Members

copies: int

Number of copies to use (between 1 and 31)

Since

2.12

SheepdogRedundancyErasureCoded (Object)

Members

data-strips: int

Number of data strips to use (one of {2,4,8,16})

parity-strips: int

Number of parity strips to use (between 1 and 15)

Since

2.12

SheepdogRedundancy (Object)

Members

type: SheepdogRedundancyType

Not documented

The members of SheepdogRedundancyFull when type is "full"

The members of SheepdogRedundancyErasureCoded when type is "erasure-coded"

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsSheepdog (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for Sheepdog.

Members

location: BlockdevOptionsSheepdog

Where to store the new image file

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

backing-file: string (optional)

File name of a base image

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (default: off; allowed values: off, full)

redundancy: SheepdogRedundancy (optional)

Redundancy of the image

object-size: int (optional)

Object size of the image

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsSsh (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for SSH.

Members

location: BlockdevOptionsSsh

Where to store the new image file

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsVdi (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for VDI.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

preallocation: PreallocMode (optional)

Preallocation mode for the new image (default: off; allowed values: off, metadata)

Since

2.12

BlockdevVhdxSubformat (Enum)

Values

dynamic

Growing image file

fixed

Preallocated fixed-size image file

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsVhdx (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for vhdx.

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

log-size: int (optional)

Log size in bytes, must be a multiple of 1 MB (default: 1 MB)

block-size: int (optional)

Block size in bytes, must be a multiple of 1 MB and not larger than 256 MB (default: automatically choose a block size depending on the image size)

subformat: BlockdevVhdxSubformat (optional)

vhdx subformat (default: dynamic)

block-state-zero: boolean (optional)

Force use of payload blocks of type ‘ZERO’. Non-standard, but default. Do not set to ‘off’ when using ‘qemu-img convert’ with subformat=dynamic.

Since

2.12

BlockdevVpcSubformat (Enum)

Values

dynamic

Growing image file

fixed

Preallocated fixed-size image file

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptionsVpc (Object)

Driver specific image creation options for vpc (VHD).

Members

file: BlockdevRef

Node to create the image format on

size: int

Size of the virtual disk in bytes

subformat: BlockdevVpcSubformat (optional)

vhdx subformat (default: dynamic)

force-size: boolean (optional)

Force use of the exact byte size instead of rounding to the next size that can be represented in CHS geometry (default: false)

Since

2.12

BlockdevCreateOptions (Object)

Options for creating an image format on a given node.

Members

driver: BlockdevDriver

block driver to create the image format

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsFile when driver is "file"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsGluster when driver is "gluster"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsLUKS when driver is "luks"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsNfs when driver is "nfs"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsParallels when driver is "parallels"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow when driver is "qcow"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2 when driver is "qcow2"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsQed when driver is "qed"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsRbd when driver is "rbd"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsSheepdog when driver is "sheepdog"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsSsh when driver is "ssh"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsVdi when driver is "vdi"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsVhdx when driver is "vhdx"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsVmdk when driver is "vmdk"

The members of BlockdevCreateOptionsVpc when driver is "vpc"

Since

2.12

blockdev-create (Command)

Starts a job to create an image format on a given node. The job is automatically finalized, but a manual job-dismiss is required.

Arguments

job-id: string

Identifier for the newly created job.

options: BlockdevCreateOptions

Options for the image creation.

Since

3.0

BlockdevAmendOptionsLUKS (Object)

Driver specific image amend options for LUKS.

Members

The members of QCryptoBlockAmendOptionsLUKS

Since

5.1

BlockdevAmendOptionsQcow2 (Object)

Driver specific image amend options for qcow2. For now, only encryption options can be amended

encrypt Encryption options to be amended

Members

encrypt: QCryptoBlockAmendOptions (optional)

Not documented

Since

5.1

BlockdevAmendOptions (Object)

Options for amending an image format

Members

driver: BlockdevDriver

Block driver of the node to amend.

The members of BlockdevAmendOptionsLUKS when driver is "luks"

The members of BlockdevAmendOptionsQcow2 when driver is "qcow2"

Since

5.1

x-blockdev-amend (Command)

Starts a job to amend format specific options of an existing open block device The job is automatically finalized, but a manual job-dismiss is required.

Arguments

job-id: string

Identifier for the newly created job.

node-name: string

Name of the block node to work on

options: BlockdevAmendOptions

Options (driver specific)

force: boolean (optional)

Allow unsafe operations, format specific For luks that allows erase of the last active keyslot (permanent loss of data), and replacement of an active keyslot (possible loss of data if IO error happens)

Since

5.1

BlockErrorAction (Enum)

An enumeration of action that has been taken when a DISK I/O occurs

Values

ignore

error has been ignored

report

error has been reported to the device

stop

error caused VM to be stopped

Since

2.1

BLOCK_IMAGE_CORRUPTED (Event)

Emitted when a disk image is being marked corrupt. The image can be identified by its device or node name. The ‘device’ field is always present for compatibility reasons, but it can be empty (“”) if the image does not have a device name associated.

Arguments

device: string

device name. This is always present for compatibility reasons, but it can be empty (“”) if the image does not have a device name associated.

node-name: string (optional)

node name (Since: 2.4)

msg: string

informative message for human consumption, such as the kind of corruption being detected. It should not be parsed by machine as it is not guaranteed to be stable

offset: int (optional)

if the corruption resulted from an image access, this is the host’s access offset into the image

size: int (optional)

if the corruption resulted from an image access, this is the access size

fatal: boolean

if set, the image is marked corrupt and therefore unusable after this event and must be repaired (Since 2.2; before, every BLOCK_IMAGE_CORRUPTED event was fatal)

Note

If action is “stop”, a STOP event will eventually follow the BLOCK_IO_ERROR event.

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_IMAGE_CORRUPTED",
     "data": { "device": "ide0-hd0", "node-name": "node0",
               "msg": "Prevented active L1 table overwrite", "offset": 196608,
               "size": 65536 },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1378126126, "microseconds": 966463 } }

Since

1.7

BLOCK_IO_ERROR (Event)

Emitted when a disk I/O error occurs

Arguments

device: string

device name. This is always present for compatibility reasons, but it can be empty (“”) if the image does not have a device name associated.

node-name: string (optional)

node name. Note that errors may be reported for the root node that is directly attached to a guest device rather than for the node where the error occurred. The node name is not present if the drive is empty. (Since: 2.8)

operation: IoOperationType

I/O operation

action: BlockErrorAction

action that has been taken

nospace: boolean (optional)

true if I/O error was caused due to a no-space condition. This key is only present if query-block’s io-status is present, please see query-block documentation for more information (since: 2.2)

reason: string

human readable string describing the error cause. (This field is a debugging aid for humans, it should not be parsed by applications) (since: 2.2)

Note

If action is “stop”, a STOP event will eventually follow the BLOCK_IO_ERROR event

Since

0.13

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_IO_ERROR",
     "data": { "device": "ide0-hd1",
               "node-name": "#block212",
               "operation": "write",
               "action": "stop" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1265044230, "microseconds": 450486 } }

BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED (Event)

Emitted when a block job has completed

Arguments

type: JobType

job type

device: string

The job identifier. Originally the device name but other values are allowed since QEMU 2.7

len: int

maximum progress value

offset: int

current progress value. On success this is equal to len. On failure this is less than len

speed: int

rate limit, bytes per second

error: string (optional)

error message. Only present on failure. This field contains a human-readable error message. There are no semantics other than that streaming has failed and clients should not try to interpret the error string

Since

1.1

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED",
     "data": { "type": "stream", "device": "virtio-disk0",
               "len": 10737418240, "offset": 10737418240,
               "speed": 0 },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267061043, "microseconds": 959568 } }

BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED (Event)

Emitted when a block job has been cancelled

Arguments

type: JobType

job type

device: string

The job identifier. Originally the device name but other values are allowed since QEMU 2.7

len: int

maximum progress value

offset: int

current progress value. On success this is equal to len. On failure this is less than len

speed: int

rate limit, bytes per second

Since

1.1

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED",
     "data": { "type": "stream", "device": "virtio-disk0",
               "len": 10737418240, "offset": 134217728,
               "speed": 0 },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1267061043, "microseconds": 959568 } }

BLOCK_JOB_ERROR (Event)

Emitted when a block job encounters an error

Arguments

device: string

The job identifier. Originally the device name but other values are allowed since QEMU 2.7

operation: IoOperationType

I/O operation

action: BlockErrorAction

action that has been taken

Since

1.3

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_JOB_ERROR",
     "data": { "device": "ide0-hd1",
               "operation": "write",
               "action": "stop" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1265044230, "microseconds": 450486 } }

BLOCK_JOB_READY (Event)

Emitted when a block job is ready to complete

Arguments

type: JobType

job type

device: string

The job identifier. Originally the device name but other values are allowed since QEMU 2.7

len: int

maximum progress value

offset: int

current progress value. On success this is equal to len. On failure this is less than len

speed: int

rate limit, bytes per second

Note

The “ready to complete” status is always reset by a BLOCK_JOB_ERROR event

Since

1.3

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_JOB_READY",
     "data": { "device": "drive0", "type": "mirror", "speed": 0,
               "len": 2097152, "offset": 2097152 }
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1265044230, "microseconds": 450486 } }

BLOCK_JOB_PENDING (Event)

Emitted when a block job is awaiting explicit authorization to finalize graph changes via block-job-finalize. If this job is part of a transaction, it will not emit this event until the transaction has converged first.

Arguments

type: JobType

job type

id: string

The job identifier.

Since

2.12

Example

<- { "event": "BLOCK_JOB_WAITING",
     "data": { "device": "drive0", "type": "mirror" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1265044230, "microseconds": 450486 } }

PreallocMode (Enum)

Preallocation mode of QEMU image file

Values

off

no preallocation

metadata

preallocate only for metadata

falloc

like full preallocation but allocate disk space by posix_fallocate() rather than writing data.

full

preallocate all data by writing it to the device to ensure disk space is really available. This data may or may not be zero, depending on the image format and storage. full preallocation also sets up metadata correctly.

Since

2.2

BLOCK_WRITE_THRESHOLD (Event)

Emitted when writes on block device reaches or exceeds the configured write threshold. For thin-provisioned devices, this means the device should be extended to avoid pausing for disk exhaustion. The event is one shot. Once triggered, it needs to be re-registered with another block-set-write-threshold command.

Arguments

node-name: string

graph node name on which the threshold was exceeded.

amount-exceeded: int

amount of data which exceeded the threshold, in bytes.

write-threshold: int

last configured threshold, in bytes.

Since

2.3

block-set-write-threshold (Command)

Change the write threshold for a block drive. An event will be delivered if a write to this block drive crosses the configured threshold. The threshold is an offset, thus must be non-negative. Default is no write threshold. Setting the threshold to zero disables it.

This is useful to transparently resize thin-provisioned drives without the guest OS noticing.

Arguments

node-name: string

graph node name on which the threshold must be set.

write-threshold: int

configured threshold for the block device, bytes. Use 0 to disable the threshold.

Since

2.3

Example

-> { "execute": "block-set-write-threshold",
     "arguments": { "node-name": "mydev",
                    "write-threshold": 17179869184 } }
<- { "return": {} }

x-blockdev-change (Command)

Dynamically reconfigure the block driver state graph. It can be used to add, remove, insert or replace a graph node. Currently only the Quorum driver implements this feature to add or remove its child. This is useful to fix a broken quorum child.

If node is specified, it will be inserted under parent. child may not be specified in this case. If both parent and child are specified but node is not, child will be detached from parent.

Arguments

parent: string

the id or name of the parent node.

child: string (optional)

the name of a child under the given parent node.

node: string (optional)

the name of the node that will be added.

Note

this command is experimental, and its API is not stable. It does not support all kinds of operations, all kinds of children, nor all block drivers.

FIXME Removing children from a quorum node means introducing gaps in the child indices. This cannot be represented in the ‘children’ list of BlockdevOptionsQuorum, as returned by .bdrv_refresh_filename().

Warning: The data in a new quorum child MUST be consistent with that of the rest of the array.

Since

2.7

Example

1. Add a new node to a quorum
-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": {
         "driver": "raw",
         "node-name": "new_node",
         "file": { "driver": "file",
                   "filename": "test.raw" } } }
<- { "return": {} }
-> { "execute": "x-blockdev-change",
     "arguments": { "parent": "disk1",
                    "node": "new_node" } }
<- { "return": {} }

2. Delete a quorum's node
-> { "execute": "x-blockdev-change",
     "arguments": { "parent": "disk1",
                    "child": "children.1" } }
<- { "return": {} }

x-blockdev-set-iothread (Command)

Move node and its children into the iothread. If iothread is null then move node and its children into the main loop.

The node must not be attached to a BlockBackend.

Arguments

node-name: string

the name of the block driver node

iothread: StrOrNull

the name of the IOThread object or null for the main loop

force: boolean (optional)

true if the node and its children should be moved when a BlockBackend is already attached

Note

this command is experimental and intended for test cases that need control over IOThreads only.

Since

2.12

Example

1. Move a node into an IOThread
-> { "execute": "x-blockdev-set-iothread",
     "arguments": { "node-name": "disk1",
                    "iothread": "iothread0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

2. Move a node into the main loop
-> { "execute": "x-blockdev-set-iothread",
     "arguments": { "node-name": "disk1",
                    "iothread": null } }
<- { "return": {} }

QuorumOpType (Enum)

An enumeration of the quorum operation types

Values

read

read operation

write

write operation

flush

flush operation

Since

2.6

QUORUM_FAILURE (Event)

Emitted by the Quorum block driver if it fails to establish a quorum

Arguments

reference: string

device name if defined else node name

sector-num: int

number of the first sector of the failed read operation

sectors-count: int

failed read operation sector count

Note

This event is rate-limited.

Since

2.0

Example

<- { "event": "QUORUM_FAILURE",
     "data": { "reference": "usr1", "sector-num": 345435, "sectors-count": 5 },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1344522075, "microseconds": 745528 } }

QUORUM_REPORT_BAD (Event)

Emitted to report a corruption of a Quorum file

Arguments

type: QuorumOpType

quorum operation type (Since 2.6)

error: string (optional)

error message. Only present on failure. This field contains a human-readable error message. There are no semantics other than that the block layer reported an error and clients should not try to interpret the error string.

node-name: string

the graph node name of the block driver state

sector-num: int

number of the first sector of the failed read operation

sectors-count: int

failed read operation sector count

Note

This event is rate-limited.

Since

2.0

Example

1. Read operation

{ "event": "QUORUM_REPORT_BAD",
     "data": { "node-name": "node0", "sector-num": 345435, "sectors-count": 5,
               "type": "read" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1344522075, "microseconds": 745528 } }

2. Flush operation

{ "event": "QUORUM_REPORT_BAD",
     "data": { "node-name": "node0", "sector-num": 0, "sectors-count": 2097120,
               "type": "flush", "error": "Broken pipe" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1456406829, "microseconds": 291763 } }

BlockdevSnapshotInternal (Object)

Members

device: string

the device name or node-name of a root node to generate the snapshot from

name: string

the name of the internal snapshot to be created

Notes

In transaction, if name is empty, or any snapshot matching name exists, the operation will fail. Only some image formats support it, for example, qcow2, rbd, and sheepdog.

Since

1.7

blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync (Command)

Synchronously take an internal snapshot of a block device, when the format of the image used supports it. If the name is an empty string, or a snapshot with name already exists, the operation will fail.

For the arguments, see the documentation of BlockdevSnapshotInternal.

Returns

• nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, GenericError

• If any snapshot matching name exists, or name is empty, GenericError

• If the format of the image used does not support it, BlockFormatFeatureNotSupported

Since

1.7

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync",
     "arguments": { "device": "ide-hd0",
                    "name": "snapshot0" }
   }
<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-snapshot-delete-internal-sync (Command)

Synchronously delete an internal snapshot of a block device, when the format of the image used support it. The snapshot is identified by name or id or both. One of the name or id is required. Return SnapshotInfo for the successfully deleted snapshot.

Arguments

device: string

the device name or node-name of a root node to delete the snapshot from

id: string (optional)

optional the snapshot’s ID to be deleted

name: string (optional)

optional the snapshot’s name to be deleted

Returns

• SnapshotInfo on success

• If device is not a valid block device, GenericError

• If snapshot not found, GenericError

• If the format of the image used does not support it, BlockFormatFeatureNotSupported

• If id and name are both not specified, GenericError

Since

1.7

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-snapshot-delete-internal-sync",
     "arguments": { "device": "ide-hd0",
                    "name": "snapshot0" }
   }
<- { "return": {
                   "id": "1",
                   "name": "snapshot0",
                   "vm-state-size": 0,
                   "date-sec": 1000012,
                   "date-nsec": 10,
                   "vm-clock-sec": 100,
                   "vm-clock-nsec": 20,
                   "icount": 220414
     }
   }

Additional block stuff (VM related)

BiosAtaTranslation (Enum)

Policy that BIOS should use to interpret cylinder/head/sector addresses. Note that Bochs BIOS and SeaBIOS will not actually translate logical CHS to physical; instead, they will use logical block addressing.

Values

auto

If cylinder/heads/sizes are passed, choose between none and LBA depending on the size of the disk. If they are not passed, choose none if QEMU can guess that the disk had 16 or fewer heads, large if QEMU can guess that the disk had 131072 or fewer tracks across all heads (i.e. cylinders*heads<131072), otherwise LBA.

none

The physical disk geometry is equal to the logical geometry.

lba

Assume 63 sectors per track and one of 16, 32, 64, 128 or 255 heads (if fewer than 255 are enough to cover the whole disk with 1024 cylinders/head). The number of cylinders/head is then computed based on the number of sectors and heads.

large

The number of cylinders per head is scaled down to 1024 by correspondingly scaling up the number of heads.

rechs

Same as large, but first convert a 16-head geometry to 15-head, by proportionally scaling up the number of cylinders/head.

Since

2.0

FloppyDriveType (Enum)

Type of Floppy drive to be emulated by the Floppy Disk Controller.

Values

144

1.44MB 3.5” drive

288

2.88MB 3.5” drive

120

1.2MB 5.25” drive

none

No drive connected

auto

Automatically determined by inserted media at boot

Since

2.6

PRManagerInfo (Object)

Information about a persistent reservation manager

Members

id: string

the identifier of the persistent reservation manager

connected: boolean

true if the persistent reservation manager is connected to the underlying storage or helper

Since

3.0

query-pr-managers (Command)

Returns a list of information about each persistent reservation manager.

Returns

a list of PRManagerInfo for each persistent reservation manager

Since

3.0

eject (Command)

Ejects the medium from a removable drive.

Arguments

device: string (optional)

Block device name

id: string (optional)

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since: 2.8)

force: boolean (optional)

If true, eject regardless of whether the drive is locked. If not specified, the default value is false.

Features

deprecated

Member device is deprecated. Use id instead.

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

Notes

Ejecting a device with no media results in success

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "eject", "arguments": { "id": "ide1-0-1" } }
<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-open-tray (Command)

Opens a block device’s tray. If there is a block driver state tree inserted as a medium, it will become inaccessible to the guest (but it will remain associated to the block device, so closing the tray will make it accessible again).

If the tray was already open before, this will be a no-op.

Once the tray opens, a DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED event is emitted. There are cases in which no such event will be generated, these include:

• if the guest has locked the tray, force is false and the guest does not respond to the eject request

• if the BlockBackend denoted by device does not have a guest device attached to it

• if the guest device does not have an actual tray

Arguments

device: string (optional)

Block device name

id: string (optional)

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since: 2.8)

force: boolean (optional)

if false (the default), an eject request will be sent to the guest if it has locked the tray (and the tray will not be opened immediately); if true, the tray will be opened regardless of whether it is locked

Features

deprecated

Member device is deprecated. Use id instead.

Since

2.5

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-open-tray",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0" } }

<- { "timestamp": { "seconds": 1418751016,
                    "microseconds": 716996 },
     "event": "DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED",
     "data": { "device": "ide1-cd0",
               "id": "ide0-1-0",
               "tray-open": true } }

<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-close-tray (Command)

Closes a block device’s tray. If there is a block driver state tree associated with the block device (which is currently ejected), that tree will be loaded as the medium.

If the tray was already closed before, this will be a no-op.

Arguments

device: string (optional)

Block device name

id: string (optional)

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since: 2.8)

Features

deprecated

Member device is deprecated. Use id instead.

Since

2.5

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-close-tray",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0" } }

<- { "timestamp": { "seconds": 1418751345,
                    "microseconds": 272147 },
     "event": "DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED",
     "data": { "device": "ide1-cd0",
               "id": "ide0-1-0",
               "tray-open": false } }

<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-remove-medium (Command)

Removes a medium (a block driver state tree) from a block device. That block device’s tray must currently be open (unless there is no attached guest device).

If the tray is open and there is no medium inserted, this will be a no-op.

Arguments

id: string

The name or QOM path of the guest device

Since

2.12

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-remove-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0" } }

<- { "error": { "class": "GenericError",
                "desc": "Tray of device 'ide0-1-0' is not open" } }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-open-tray",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0" } }

<- { "timestamp": { "seconds": 1418751627,
                    "microseconds": 549958 },
     "event": "DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED",
     "data": { "device": "ide1-cd0",
               "id": "ide0-1-0",
               "tray-open": true } }

<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-remove-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0" } }

<- { "return": {} }

blockdev-insert-medium (Command)

Inserts a medium (a block driver state tree) into a block device. That block device’s tray must currently be open (unless there is no attached guest device) and there must be no medium inserted already.

Arguments

id: string

The name or QOM path of the guest device

node-name: string

name of a node in the block driver state graph

Since

2.12

Example

-> { "execute": "blockdev-add",
     "arguments": {
         "node-name": "node0",
         "driver": "raw",
         "file": { "driver": "file",
                   "filename": "fedora.iso" } } }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-insert-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0",
                    "node-name": "node0" } }

<- { "return": {} }

BlockdevChangeReadOnlyMode (Enum)

Specifies the new read-only mode of a block device subject to the blockdev-change-medium command.

Values

retain

Retains the current read-only mode

read-only

Makes the device read-only

read-write

Makes the device writable

Since

2.3

blockdev-change-medium (Command)

Changes the medium inserted into a block device by ejecting the current medium and loading a new image file which is inserted as the new medium (this command combines blockdev-open-tray, blockdev-remove-medium, blockdev-insert-medium and blockdev-close-tray).

Arguments

device: string (optional)

Block device name

id: string (optional)

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since: 2.8)

filename: string

filename of the new image to be loaded

format: string (optional)

format to open the new image with (defaults to the probed format)

read-only-mode: BlockdevChangeReadOnlyMode (optional)

change the read-only mode of the device; defaults to ‘retain’

Features

deprecated

Member device is deprecated. Use id instead.

Since

2.5

Examples

1. Change a removable medium

-> { "execute": "blockdev-change-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0",
                    "filename": "/srv/images/Fedora-12-x86_64-DVD.iso",
                    "format": "raw" } }
<- { "return": {} }

2. Load a read-only medium into a writable drive

-> { "execute": "blockdev-change-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "floppyA",
                    "filename": "/srv/images/ro.img",
                    "format": "raw",
                    "read-only-mode": "retain" } }

<- { "error":
     { "class": "GenericError",
       "desc": "Could not open '/srv/images/ro.img': Permission denied" } }

-> { "execute": "blockdev-change-medium",
     "arguments": { "id": "floppyA",
                    "filename": "/srv/images/ro.img",
                    "format": "raw",
                    "read-only-mode": "read-only" } }

<- { "return": {} }

DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED (Event)

Emitted whenever the tray of a removable device is moved by the guest or by HMP/QMP commands

Arguments

device: string

Block device name. This is always present for compatibility reasons, but it can be empty (“”) if the image does not have a device name associated.

id: string

The name or QOM path of the guest device (since 2.8)

tray-open: boolean

true if the tray has been opened or false if it has been closed

Since

1.1

Example

<- { "event": "DEVICE_TRAY_MOVED",
     "data": { "device": "ide1-cd0",
               "id": "/machine/unattached/device[22]",
               "tray-open": true
     },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1265044230, "microseconds": 450486 } }

PR_MANAGER_STATUS_CHANGED (Event)

Emitted whenever the connected status of a persistent reservation manager changes.

Arguments

id: string

The id of the PR manager object

connected: boolean

true if the PR manager is connected to a backend

Since

3.0

Example

<- { "event": "PR_MANAGER_STATUS_CHANGED",
     "data": { "id": "pr-helper0",
               "connected": true
     },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1519840375, "microseconds": 450486 } }

block_set_io_throttle (Command)

Change I/O throttle limits for a block drive.

Since QEMU 2.4, each device with I/O limits is member of a throttle group.

If two or more devices are members of the same group, the limits will apply to the combined I/O of the whole group in a round-robin fashion. Therefore, setting new I/O limits to a device will affect the whole group.

The name of the group can be specified using the ‘group’ parameter. If the parameter is unset, it is assumed to be the current group of that device. If it’s not in any group yet, the name of the device will be used as the name for its group.

The ‘group’ parameter can also be used to move a device to a different group. In this case the limits specified in the parameters will be applied to the new group only.

I/O limits can be disabled by setting all of them to 0. In this case the device will be removed from its group and the rest of its members will not be affected. The ‘group’ parameter is ignored.

Arguments

The members of BlockIOThrottle

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound

Since

1.1

Example

-> { "execute": "block_set_io_throttle",
     "arguments": { "id": "virtio-blk-pci0/virtio-backend",
                    "bps": 0,
                    "bps_rd": 0,
                    "bps_wr": 0,
                    "iops": 512,
                    "iops_rd": 0,
                    "iops_wr": 0,
                    "bps_max": 0,
                    "bps_rd_max": 0,
                    "bps_wr_max": 0,
                    "iops_max": 0,
                    "iops_rd_max": 0,
                    "iops_wr_max": 0,
                    "bps_max_length": 0,
                    "iops_size": 0 } }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "block_set_io_throttle",
     "arguments": { "id": "ide0-1-0",
                    "bps": 1000000,
                    "bps_rd": 0,
                    "bps_wr": 0,
                    "iops": 0,
                    "iops_rd": 0,
                    "iops_wr": 0,
                    "bps_max": 8000000,
                    "bps_rd_max": 0,
                    "bps_wr_max": 0,
                    "iops_max": 0,
                    "iops_rd_max": 0,
                    "iops_wr_max": 0,
                    "bps_max_length": 60,
                    "iops_size": 0 } }
<- { "return": {} }

block-latency-histogram-set (Command)

Manage read, write and flush latency histograms for the device.

If only id parameter is specified, remove all present latency histograms for the device. Otherwise, add/reset some of (or all) latency histograms.

Arguments

id: string

The name or QOM path of the guest device.

boundaries: array of int (optional)

list of interval boundary values (see description in BlockLatencyHistogramInfo definition). If specified, all latency histograms are removed, and empty ones created for all io types with intervals corresponding to boundaries (except for io types, for which specific boundaries are set through the following parameters).

boundaries-read: array of int (optional)

list of interval boundary values for read latency histogram. If specified, old read latency histogram is removed, and empty one created with intervals corresponding to boundaries-read. The parameter has higher priority then boundaries.

boundaries-write: array of int (optional)

list of interval boundary values for write latency histogram.

boundaries-flush: array of int (optional)

list of interval boundary values for flush latency histogram.

Returns

error if device is not found or any boundary arrays are invalid.

Since

4.0

Example

set new histograms for all io types with intervals
[0, 10), [10, 50), [50, 100), [100, +inf):

-> { "execute": "block-latency-histogram-set",
     "arguments": { "id": "drive0",
                    "boundaries": [10, 50, 100] } }
<- { "return": {} }

Example

set new histogram only for write, other histograms will remain
not changed (or not created):

-> { "execute": "block-latency-histogram-set",
     "arguments": { "id": "drive0",
                    "boundaries-write": [10, 50, 100] } }
<- { "return": {} }

Example

set new histograms with the following intervals:
  read, flush: [0, 10), [10, 50), [50, 100), [100, +inf)
  write: [0, 1000), [1000, 5000), [5000, +inf)

-> { "execute": "block-latency-histogram-set",
     "arguments": { "id": "drive0",
                    "boundaries": [10, 50, 100],
                    "boundaries-write": [1000, 5000] } }
<- { "return": {} }

Example

remove all latency histograms:

-> { "execute": "block-latency-histogram-set",
     "arguments": { "id": "drive0" } }
<- { "return": {} }

Block device exports

NbdServerOptions (Object)

Keep this type consistent with the nbd-server-start arguments. The only intended difference is using SocketAddress instead of SocketAddressLegacy.

Members

addr: SocketAddress

Address on which to listen.

tls-creds: string (optional)

ID of the TLS credentials object (since 2.6).

tls-authz: string (optional)

ID of the QAuthZ authorization object used to validate the client’s x509 distinguished name. This object is is only resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated on the fly while the NBD server is active. If missing, it will default to denying access (since 4.0).

max-connections: int (optional)

The maximum number of connections to allow at the same time, 0 for unlimited. (since 5.2; default: 0)

Since

4.2

nbd-server-start (Command)

Start an NBD server listening on the given host and port. Block devices can then be exported using nbd-server-add. The NBD server will present them as named exports; for example, another QEMU instance could refer to them as “nbd:HOST:PORT:exportname=NAME”.

Keep this type consistent with the NbdServerOptions type. The only intended difference is using SocketAddressLegacy instead of SocketAddress.

Arguments

addr: SocketAddressLegacy

Address on which to listen.

tls-creds: string (optional)

ID of the TLS credentials object (since 2.6).

tls-authz: string (optional)

ID of the QAuthZ authorization object used to validate the client’s x509 distinguished name. This object is is only resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated on the fly while the NBD server is active. If missing, it will default to denying access (since 4.0).

max-connections: int (optional)

The maximum number of connections to allow at the same time, 0 for unlimited. (since 5.2; default: 0)

Returns

error if the server is already running.

Since

1.3

BlockExportOptionsNbdBase (Object)

An NBD block export (common options shared between nbd-server-add and the NBD branch of block-export-add).

Members

name: string (optional)

Export name. If unspecified, the device parameter is used as the export name. (Since 2.12)

description: string (optional)

Free-form description of the export, up to 4096 bytes. (Since 5.0)

Since

5.0

BlockExportOptionsNbd (Object)

An NBD block export (distinct options used in the NBD branch of block-export-add).

Members

bitmaps: array of string (optional)

Also export each of the named dirty bitmaps reachable from device, so the NBD client can use NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT with the metadata context name “qemu:dirty-bitmap:BITMAP” to inspect each bitmap.

allocation-depth: boolean (optional)

Also export the allocation depth map for device, so the NBD client can use NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT with the metadata context name “qemu:allocation-depth” to inspect allocation details. (since 5.2)

The members of BlockExportOptionsNbdBase

Since

5.2

BlockExportOptionsVhostUserBlk (Object)

A vhost-user-blk block export.

Members

addr: SocketAddress

The vhost-user socket on which to listen. Both ‘unix’ and ‘fd’ SocketAddress types are supported. Passed fds must be UNIX domain sockets.

logical-block-size: int (optional)

Logical block size in bytes. Defaults to 512 bytes.

num-queues: int (optional)

Number of request virtqueues. Must be greater than 0. Defaults to 1.

Since

5.2

BlockExportOptionsFuse (Object)

Options for exporting a block graph node on some (file) mountpoint as a raw image.

Members

mountpoint: string

Path on which to export the block device via FUSE. This must point to an existing regular file.

growable: boolean (optional)

Whether writes beyond the EOF should grow the block node accordingly. (default: false)

Since

6.0

If

defined(CONFIG_FUSE)

NbdServerAddOptions (Object)

An NBD block export, per legacy nbd-server-add command.

Members

device: string

The device name or node name of the node to be exported

writable: boolean (optional)

Whether clients should be able to write to the device via the NBD connection (default false).

bitmap: string (optional)

Also export a single dirty bitmap reachable from device, so the NBD client can use NBD_OPT_SET_META_CONTEXT with the metadata context name “qemu:dirty-bitmap:BITMAP” to inspect the bitmap (since 4.0).

The members of BlockExportOptionsNbdBase

Since

5.0

nbd-server-add (Command)

Export a block node to QEMU’s embedded NBD server.

The export name will be used as the id for the resulting block export.

Arguments

The members of NbdServerAddOptions

Features

deprecated

This command is deprecated. Use block-export-add instead.

Returns

error if the server is not running, or export with the same name already exists.

Since

1.3

BlockExportRemoveMode (Enum)

Mode for removing a block export.

Values

safe

Remove export if there are no existing connections, fail otherwise.

hard

Drop all connections immediately and remove export.

Potential additional modes to be added in the future:

hide: Just hide export from new clients, leave existing connections as is. Remove export after all clients are disconnected.

soft: Hide export from new clients, answer with ESHUTDOWN for all further requests from existing clients.

Since

2.12

nbd-server-remove (Command)

Remove NBD export by name.

Arguments

name: string

Block export id.

mode: BlockExportRemoveMode (optional)

Mode of command operation. See BlockExportRemoveMode description. Default is ‘safe’.

Features

deprecated

This command is deprecated. Use block-export-del instead.

Returns

error if

• the server is not running

• export is not found

• mode is ‘safe’ and there are existing connections

Since

2.12

nbd-server-stop (Command)

Stop QEMU’s embedded NBD server, and unregister all devices previously added via nbd-server-add.

Since

1.3

BlockExportType (Enum)

An enumeration of block export types

Values

nbd

NBD export

vhost-user-blk

vhost-user-blk export (since 5.2)

fuse (If: defined(CONFIG_FUSE))

FUSE export (since: 6.0)

Since

4.2

BlockExportOptions (Object)

Describes a block export, i.e. how single node should be exported on an external interface.

Members

id: string

A unique identifier for the block export (across all export types)

node-name: string

The node name of the block node to be exported (since: 5.2)

writable: boolean (optional)

True if clients should be able to write to the export (default false)

writethrough: boolean (optional)

If true, caches are flushed after every write request to the export before completion is signalled. (since: 5.2; default: false)

iothread: string (optional)

The name of the iothread object where the export will run. The default is to use the thread currently associated with the block node. (since: 5.2)

fixed-iothread: boolean (optional)

True prevents the block node from being moved to another thread while the export is active. If true and iothread is given, export creation fails if the block node cannot be moved to the iothread. The default is false. (since: 5.2)

type: BlockExportType

Not documented

The members of BlockExportOptionsNbd when type is "nbd"

The members of BlockExportOptionsVhostUserBlk when type is "vhost-user-blk"

The members of BlockExportOptionsFuse when type is "fuse" (If: defined(CONFIG_FUSE))

Since

4.2

block-export-add (Command)

Creates a new block export.

Arguments

The members of BlockExportOptions

Since

5.2

block-export-del (Command)

Request to remove a block export. This drops the user’s reference to the export, but the export may still stay around after this command returns until the shutdown of the export has completed.

Arguments

id: string

Block export id.

mode: BlockExportRemoveMode (optional)

Mode of command operation. See BlockExportRemoveMode description. Default is ‘safe’.

Returns

Error if the export is not found or mode is ‘safe’ and the export is still in use (e.g. by existing client connections)

Since

5.2

BLOCK_EXPORT_DELETED (Event)

Emitted when a block export is removed and its id can be reused.

Arguments

id: string

Block export id.

Since

5.2

BlockExportInfo (Object)

Information about a single block export.

Members

id: string

The unique identifier for the block export

type: BlockExportType

The block export type

node-name: string

The node name of the block node that is exported

shutting-down: boolean

True if the export is shutting down (e.g. after a block-export-del command, but before the shutdown has completed)

Since

5.2

query-block-exports (Command)

Returns

A list of BlockExportInfo describing all block exports

Since

5.2

Character devices

ChardevInfo (Object)

Information about a character device.

Members

label: string

the label of the character device

filename: string

the filename of the character device

frontend-open: boolean

shows whether the frontend device attached to this backend (eg. with the chardev=… option) is in open or closed state (since 2.1)

Notes

filename is encoded using the QEMU command line character device encoding. See the QEMU man page for details.

Since

0.14

query-chardev (Command)

Returns information about current character devices.

Returns

a list of ChardevInfo

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-chardev" }
<- {
      "return": [
         {
            "label": "charchannel0",
            "filename": "unix:/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/seabios.rhel6.agent,server=on",
            "frontend-open": false
         },
         {
            "label": "charmonitor",
            "filename": "unix:/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/seabios.rhel6.monitor,server=on",
            "frontend-open": true
         },
         {
            "label": "charserial0",
            "filename": "pty:/dev/pts/2",
            "frontend-open": true
         }
      ]
   }

ChardevBackendInfo (Object)

Information about a character device backend

Members

name: string

The backend name

Since

2.0

query-chardev-backends (Command)

Returns information about character device backends.

Returns

a list of ChardevBackendInfo

Since

2.0

Example

-> { "execute": "query-chardev-backends" }
<- {
      "return":[
         {
            "name":"udp"
         },
         {
            "name":"tcp"
         },
         {
            "name":"unix"
         },
         {
            "name":"spiceport"
         }
      ]
   }

DataFormat (Enum)

An enumeration of data format.

Values

utf8

Data is a UTF-8 string (RFC 3629)

base64

Data is Base64 encoded binary (RFC 3548)

Since

1.4

ringbuf-write (Command)

Write to a ring buffer character device.

Arguments

device: string

the ring buffer character device name

data: string

data to write

format: DataFormat (optional)

data encoding (default ‘utf8’).

• base64: data must be base64 encoded text. Its binary decoding gets written.

• utf8: data’s UTF-8 encoding is written

• data itself is always Unicode regardless of format, like any other string.

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

1.4

Example

-> { "execute": "ringbuf-write",
     "arguments": { "device": "foo",
                    "data": "abcdefgh",
                    "format": "utf8" } }
<- { "return": {} }

ringbuf-read (Command)

Read from a ring buffer character device.

Arguments

device: string

the ring buffer character device name

size: int

how many bytes to read at most

format: DataFormat (optional)

data encoding (default ‘utf8’).

• base64: the data read is returned in base64 encoding.

• utf8: the data read is interpreted as UTF-8. Bug: can screw up when the buffer contains invalid UTF-8 sequences, NUL characters, after the ring buffer lost data, and when reading stops because the size limit is reached.

• The return value is always Unicode regardless of format, like any other string.

Returns

data read from the device

Since

1.4

Example

-> { "execute": "ringbuf-read",
     "arguments": { "device": "foo",
                    "size": 1000,
                    "format": "utf8" } }
<- { "return": "abcdefgh" }

ChardevCommon (Object)

Configuration shared across all chardev backends

Members

logfile: string (optional)

The name of a logfile to save output

logappend: boolean (optional)

true to append instead of truncate (default to false to truncate)

Since

2.6

ChardevFile (Object)

Configuration info for file chardevs.

Members

in: string (optional)

The name of the input file

out: string

The name of the output file

append: boolean (optional)

Open the file in append mode (default false to truncate) (Since 2.6)

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.4

ChardevHostdev (Object)

Configuration info for device and pipe chardevs.

Members

device: string

The name of the special file for the device, i.e. /dev/ttyS0 on Unix or COM1: on Windows

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.4

ChardevSocket (Object)

Configuration info for (stream) socket chardevs.

Members

addr: SocketAddressLegacy

socket address to listen on (server=true) or connect to (server=false)

tls-creds: string (optional)

the ID of the TLS credentials object (since 2.6)

tls-authz: string (optional)

the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object against which the client’s x509 distinguished name will be validated. This object is only resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated on the fly while the chardev server is active. If missing, it will default to denying access (since 4.0)

server: boolean (optional)

create server socket (default: true)

wait: boolean (optional)

wait for incoming connection on server sockets (default: false). Silently ignored with server: false. This use is deprecated.

nodelay: boolean (optional)

set TCP_NODELAY socket option (default: false)

telnet: boolean (optional)

enable telnet protocol on server sockets (default: false)

tn3270: boolean (optional)

enable tn3270 protocol on server sockets (default: false) (Since: 2.10)

websocket: boolean (optional)

enable websocket protocol on server sockets (default: false) (Since: 3.1)

reconnect: int (optional)

For a client socket, if a socket is disconnected, then attempt a reconnect after the given number of seconds. Setting this to zero disables this function. (default: 0) (Since: 2.2)

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.4

ChardevUdp (Object)

Configuration info for datagram socket chardevs.

Members

remote: SocketAddressLegacy

remote address

local: SocketAddressLegacy (optional)

local address

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

ChardevMux (Object)

Configuration info for mux chardevs.

Members

chardev: string

name of the base chardev.

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

ChardevStdio (Object)

Configuration info for stdio chardevs.

Members

signal: boolean (optional)

Allow signals (such as SIGINT triggered by ^C) be delivered to qemu. Default: true.

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

ChardevSpiceChannel (Object)

Configuration info for spice vm channel chardevs.

Members

type: string

kind of channel (for example vdagent).

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

ChardevSpicePort (Object)

Configuration info for spice port chardevs.

Members

fqdn: string

name of the channel (see docs/spice-port-fqdn.txt)

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

ChardevVC (Object)

Configuration info for virtual console chardevs.

Members

width: int (optional)

console width, in pixels

height: int (optional)

console height, in pixels

cols: int (optional)

console width, in chars

rows: int (optional)

console height, in chars

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

ChardevRingbuf (Object)

Configuration info for ring buffer chardevs.

Members

size: int (optional)

ring buffer size, must be power of two, default is 65536

The members of ChardevCommon

Since

1.5

ChardevBackend (Object)

Configuration info for the new chardev backend.

Members

type

One of file, serial, parallel, pipe, socket, udp, pty, null, mux, msmouse, wctablet, braille, testdev, stdio, console, spicevmc, spiceport, vc, ringbuf, memory

data: ChardevFile when type is "file"

data: ChardevHostdev when type is "serial"

data: ChardevHostdev when type is "parallel"

data: ChardevHostdev when type is "pipe"

data: ChardevSocket when type is "socket"

data: ChardevUdp when type is "udp"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "pty"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "null"

data: ChardevMux when type is "mux"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "msmouse"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "wctablet"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "braille"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "testdev"

data: ChardevStdio when type is "stdio"

data: ChardevCommon when type is "console"

data: ChardevSpiceChannel when type is "spicevmc" (If: defined(CONFIG_SPICE))

data: ChardevSpicePort when type is "spiceport" (If: defined(CONFIG_SPICE))

data: ChardevVC when type is "vc"

data: ChardevRingbuf when type is "ringbuf"

data: ChardevRingbuf when type is "memory"

Since

1.4 (testdev since 2.2, wctablet since 2.9)

ChardevReturn (Object)

Return info about the chardev backend just created.

Members

pty: string (optional)

name of the slave pseudoterminal device, present if and only if a chardev of type ‘pty’ was created

Since

1.4

chardev-add (Command)

Add a character device backend

Arguments

id: string

the chardev’s ID, must be unique

backend: ChardevBackend

backend type and parameters

Returns

ChardevReturn.

Since

1.4

Example

-> { "execute" : "chardev-add",
     "arguments" : { "id" : "foo",
                     "backend" : { "type" : "null", "data" : {} } } }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute" : "chardev-add",
     "arguments" : { "id" : "bar",
                     "backend" : { "type" : "file",
                                   "data" : { "out" : "/tmp/bar.log" } } } }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute" : "chardev-add",
     "arguments" : { "id" : "baz",
                     "backend" : { "type" : "pty", "data" : {} } } }
<- { "return": { "pty" : "/dev/pty/42" } }

chardev-change (Command)

Change a character device backend

Arguments

id: string

the chardev’s ID, must exist

backend: ChardevBackend

new backend type and parameters

Returns

ChardevReturn.

Since

2.10

Example

-> { "execute" : "chardev-change",
     "arguments" : { "id" : "baz",
                     "backend" : { "type" : "pty", "data" : {} } } }
<- { "return": { "pty" : "/dev/pty/42" } }

-> {"execute" : "chardev-change",
    "arguments" : {
        "id" : "charchannel2",
        "backend" : {
            "type" : "socket",
            "data" : {
                "addr" : {
                    "type" : "unix" ,
                    "data" : {
                        "path" : "/tmp/charchannel2.socket"
                    }
                 },
                 "server" : true,
                 "wait" : false }}}}
<- {"return": {}}

chardev-remove (Command)

Remove a character device backend

Arguments

id: string

the chardev’s ID, must exist and not be in use

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

1.4

Example

-> { "execute": "chardev-remove", "arguments": { "id" : "foo" } }
<- { "return": {} }

chardev-send-break (Command)

Send a break to a character device

Arguments

id: string

the chardev’s ID, must exist

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

2.10

Example

-> { "execute": "chardev-send-break", "arguments": { "id" : "foo" } }
<- { "return": {} }

VSERPORT_CHANGE (Event)

Emitted when the guest opens or closes a virtio-serial port.

Arguments

id: string

device identifier of the virtio-serial port

open: boolean

true if the guest has opened the virtio-serial port

Note

This event is rate-limited.

Since

2.1

Example

<- { "event": "VSERPORT_CHANGE",
     "data": { "id": "channel0", "open": true },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1401385907, "microseconds": 422329 } }

Dump guest memory

DumpGuestMemoryFormat (Enum)

An enumeration of guest-memory-dump’s format.

Values

elf

elf format

kdump-zlib

kdump-compressed format with zlib-compressed

kdump-lzo

kdump-compressed format with lzo-compressed

kdump-snappy

kdump-compressed format with snappy-compressed

win-dmp

Windows full crashdump format, can be used instead of ELF converting (since 2.13)

Since

2.0

dump-guest-memory (Command)

Dump guest’s memory to vmcore. It is a synchronous operation that can take very long depending on the amount of guest memory.

Arguments

paging: boolean

if true, do paging to get guest’s memory mapping. This allows using gdb to process the core file.

IMPORTANT: this option can make QEMU allocate several gigabytes of RAM. This can happen for a large guest, or a malicious guest pretending to be large.

Also, paging=true has the following limitations:

1. The guest may be in a catastrophic state or can have corrupted memory, which cannot be trusted

2. The guest can be in real-mode even if paging is enabled. For example, the guest uses ACPI to sleep, and ACPI sleep state goes in real-mode

3. Currently only supported on i386 and x86_64.

protocol: string

the filename or file descriptor of the vmcore. The supported protocols are:

1. file: the protocol starts with “file:”, and the following string is the file’s path.

2. fd: the protocol starts with “fd:”, and the following string is the fd’s name.

detach: boolean (optional)

if true, QMP will return immediately rather than waiting for the dump to finish. The user can track progress using “query-dump”. (since 2.6).

begin: int (optional)

if specified, the starting physical address.

length: int (optional)

if specified, the memory size, in bytes. If you don’t want to dump all guest’s memory, please specify the start begin and length

format: DumpGuestMemoryFormat (optional)

if specified, the format of guest memory dump. But non-elf format is conflict with paging and filter, ie. paging, begin and length is not allowed to be specified with non-elf format at the same time (since 2.0)

Note

All boolean arguments default to false

Returns

nothing on success

Since

1.2

Example

-> { "execute": "dump-guest-memory",
     "arguments": { "protocol": "fd:dump" } }
<- { "return": {} }

DumpStatus (Enum)

Describe the status of a long-running background guest memory dump.

Values

none

no dump-guest-memory has started yet.

active

there is one dump running in background.

completed

the last dump has finished successfully.

failed

the last dump has failed.

Since

2.6

DumpQueryResult (Object)

The result format for ‘query-dump’.

Members

status: DumpStatus

enum of DumpStatus, which shows current dump status

completed: int

bytes written in latest dump (uncompressed)

total: int

total bytes to be written in latest dump (uncompressed)

Since

2.6

query-dump (Command)

Query latest dump status.

Returns

A DumpStatus object showing the dump status.

Since

2.6

Example

-> { "execute": "query-dump" }
<- { "return": { "status": "active", "completed": 1024000,
                 "total": 2048000 } }

DUMP_COMPLETED (Event)

Emitted when background dump has completed

Arguments

result: DumpQueryResult

final dump status

error: string (optional)

human-readable error string that provides hint on why dump failed. Only presents on failure. The user should not try to interpret the error string.

Since

2.6

Example

{ "event": "DUMP_COMPLETED",
  "data": {"result": {"total": 1090650112, "status": "completed",
                      "completed": 1090650112} } }

DumpGuestMemoryCapability (Object)

A list of the available formats for dump-guest-memory

Members

formats: array of DumpGuestMemoryFormat

Not documented

Since

2.0

query-dump-guest-memory-capability (Command)

Returns the available formats for dump-guest-memory

Returns

A DumpGuestMemoryCapability object listing available formats for dump-guest-memory

Since

2.0

Example

-> { "execute": "query-dump-guest-memory-capability" }
<- { "return": { "formats":
                 ["elf", "kdump-zlib", "kdump-lzo", "kdump-snappy"] }

Net devices

set_link (Command)

Sets the link status of a virtual network adapter.

Arguments

name: string

the device name of the virtual network adapter

up: boolean

true to set the link status to be up

Returns

Nothing on success If name is not a valid network device, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Notes

Not all network adapters support setting link status. This command will succeed even if the network adapter does not support link status notification.

Example

-> { "execute": "set_link",
     "arguments": { "name": "e1000.0", "up": false } }
<- { "return": {} }

netdev_add (Command)

Add a network backend.

Additional arguments depend on the type.

Arguments

The members of Netdev

Since

0.14

Returns

Nothing on success If type is not a valid network backend, DeviceNotFound

Example

-> { "execute": "netdev_add",
     "arguments": { "type": "user", "id": "netdev1",
                    "dnssearch": "example.org" } }
<- { "return": {} }

netdev_del (Command)

Remove a network backend.

Arguments

id: string

the name of the network backend to remove

Returns

Nothing on success If id is not a valid network backend, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "netdev_del", "arguments": { "id": "netdev1" } }
<- { "return": {} }

NetLegacyNicOptions (Object)

Create a new Network Interface Card.

Members

netdev: string (optional)

id of -netdev to connect to

macaddr: string (optional)

MAC address

model: string (optional)

device model (e1000, rtl8139, virtio etc.)

addr: string (optional)

PCI device address

vectors: int (optional)

number of MSI-x vectors, 0 to disable MSI-X

Since

1.2

NetdevUserOptions (Object)

Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator privilege to run.

Members

hostname: string (optional)

client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server

restrict: boolean (optional)

isolate the guest from the host

ipv4: boolean (optional)

whether to support IPv4, default true for enabled (since 2.6)

ipv6: boolean (optional)

whether to support IPv6, default true for enabled (since 2.6)

ip: string (optional)

legacy parameter, use net= instead

net: string (optional)

IP network address that the guest will see, in the form addr[/netmask] The netmask is optional, and can be either in the form a.b.c.d or as a number of valid top-most bits. Default is 10.0.2.0/24.

host: string (optional)

guest-visible address of the host

tftp: string (optional)

root directory of the built-in TFTP server

bootfile: string (optional)

BOOTP filename, for use with tftp=

dhcpstart: string (optional)

the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign

dns: string (optional)

guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver

dnssearch: array of String (optional)

list of DNS suffixes to search, passed as DHCP option to the guest

domainname: string (optional)

guest-visible domain name of the virtual nameserver (since 3.0)

ipv6-prefix: string (optional)

IPv6 network prefix (default is fec0::) (since 2.6). The network prefix is given in the usual hexadecimal IPv6 address notation.

ipv6-prefixlen: int (optional)

IPv6 network prefix length (default is 64) (since 2.6)

ipv6-host: string (optional)

guest-visible IPv6 address of the host (since 2.6)

ipv6-dns: string (optional)

guest-visible IPv6 address of the virtual nameserver (since 2.6)

smb: string (optional)

root directory of the built-in SMB server

smbserver: string (optional)

IP address of the built-in SMB server

hostfwd: array of String (optional)

redirect incoming TCP or UDP host connections to guest endpoints

guestfwd: array of String (optional)

forward guest TCP connections

tftp-server-name: string (optional)

RFC2132 “TFTP server name” string (Since 3.1)

Since

1.2

NetdevTapOptions (Object)

Used to configure a host TAP network interface backend.

Members

ifname: string (optional)

interface name

fd: string (optional)

file descriptor of an already opened tap

fds: string (optional)

multiple file descriptors of already opened multiqueue capable tap

script: string (optional)

script to initialize the interface

downscript: string (optional)

script to shut down the interface

br: string (optional)

bridge name (since 2.8)

helper: string (optional)

command to execute to configure bridge

sndbuf: int (optional)

send buffer limit. Understands [TGMKkb] suffixes.

vnet_hdr: boolean (optional)

enable the IFF_VNET_HDR flag on the tap interface

vhost: boolean (optional)

enable vhost-net network accelerator

vhostfd: string (optional)

file descriptor of an already opened vhost net device

vhostfds: string (optional)

file descriptors of multiple already opened vhost net devices

vhostforce: boolean (optional)

vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests

queues: int (optional)

number of queues to be created for multiqueue capable tap

poll-us: int (optional)

maximum number of microseconds that could be spent on busy polling for tap (since 2.7)

Since

1.2

NetdevSocketOptions (Object)

Socket netdevs are used to establish a network connection to another QEMU virtual machine via a TCP socket.

Members

fd: string (optional)

file descriptor of an already opened socket

listen: string (optional)

port number, and optional hostname, to listen on

connect: string (optional)

port number, and optional hostname, to connect to

mcast: string (optional)

UDP multicast address and port number

localaddr: string (optional)

source address and port for multicast and udp packets

udp: string (optional)

UDP unicast address and port number

Since

1.2

NetdevL2TPv3Options (Object)

Configure an Ethernet over L2TPv3 tunnel.

Members

src: string

source address

dst: string

destination address

srcport: string (optional)

source port - mandatory for udp, optional for ip

dstport: string (optional)

destination port - mandatory for udp, optional for ip

ipv6: boolean (optional)

force the use of ipv6

udp: boolean (optional)

use the udp version of l2tpv3 encapsulation

cookie64: boolean (optional)

use 64 bit coookies

counter: boolean (optional)

have sequence counter

pincounter: boolean (optional)

pin sequence counter to zero - workaround for buggy implementations or networks with packet reorder

txcookie: int (optional)

32 or 64 bit transmit cookie

rxcookie: int (optional)

32 or 64 bit receive cookie

txsession: int

32 bit transmit session

rxsession: int (optional)

32 bit receive session - if not specified set to the same value as transmit

offset: int (optional)

additional offset - allows the insertion of additional application-specific data before the packet payload

Since

2.1

NetdevVdeOptions (Object)

Connect to a vde switch running on the host.

Members

sock: string (optional)

socket path

port: int (optional)

port number

group: string (optional)

group owner of socket

mode: int (optional)

permissions for socket

Since

1.2

NetdevBridgeOptions (Object)

Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device.

Members

br: string (optional)

bridge name

helper: string (optional)

command to execute to configure bridge

Since

1.2

NetdevHubPortOptions (Object)

Connect two or more net clients through a software hub.

Members

hubid: int

hub identifier number

netdev: string (optional)

used to connect hub to a netdev instead of a device (since 2.12)

Since

1.2

NetdevNetmapOptions (Object)

Connect a client to a netmap-enabled NIC or to a VALE switch port

Members

ifname: string

Either the name of an existing network interface supported by netmap, or the name of a VALE port (created on the fly). A VALE port name is in the form ‘valeXXX:YYY’, where XXX and YYY are non-negative integers. XXX identifies a switch and YYY identifies a port of the switch. VALE ports having the same XXX are therefore connected to the same switch.

devname: string (optional)

path of the netmap device (default: ‘/dev/netmap’).

Since

2.0

NetdevVhostUserOptions (Object)

Vhost-user network backend

Members

chardev: string

name of a unix socket chardev

vhostforce: boolean (optional)

vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests (default: false).

queues: int (optional)

number of queues to be created for multiqueue vhost-user (default: 1) (Since 2.5)

Since

2.1

NetdevVhostVDPAOptions (Object)

Vhost-vdpa network backend

vDPA device is a device that uses a datapath which complies with the virtio specifications with a vendor specific control path.

Members

vhostdev: string (optional)

path of vhost-vdpa device (default:’/dev/vhost-vdpa-0’)

queues: int (optional)

number of queues to be created for multiqueue vhost-vdpa (default: 1)

Since

5.1

NetClientDriver (Enum)

Available netdev drivers.

Values

none

Not documented

nic

Not documented

user

Not documented

tap

Not documented

l2tpv3

Not documented

socket

Not documented

vde

Not documented

bridge

Not documented

hubport

Not documented

netmap

Not documented

vhost-user

Not documented

vhost-vdpa

Not documented

Since

2.7

vhost-vdpa since 5.1

Netdev (Object)

Captures the configuration of a network device.

Members

id: string

identifier for monitor commands.

type: NetClientDriver

Specify the driver used for interpreting remaining arguments.

The members of NetLegacyNicOptions when type is "nic"

The members of NetdevUserOptions when type is "user"

The members of NetdevTapOptions when type is "tap"

The members of NetdevL2TPv3Options when type is "l2tpv3"

The members of NetdevSocketOptions when type is "socket"

The members of NetdevVdeOptions when type is "vde"

The members of NetdevBridgeOptions when type is "bridge"

The members of NetdevHubPortOptions when type is "hubport"

The members of NetdevNetmapOptions when type is "netmap"

The members of NetdevVhostUserOptions when type is "vhost-user"

The members of NetdevVhostVDPAOptions when type is "vhost-vdpa"

Since

1.2

‘l2tpv3’ - since 2.1

RxState (Enum)

Packets receiving state

Values

normal

filter assigned packets according to the mac-table

none

don’t receive any assigned packet

all

receive all assigned packets

Since

1.6

RxFilterInfo (Object)

Rx-filter information for a NIC.

Members

name: string

net client name

promiscuous: boolean

whether promiscuous mode is enabled

multicast: RxState

multicast receive state

unicast: RxState

unicast receive state

vlan: RxState

vlan receive state (Since 2.0)

broadcast-allowed: boolean

whether to receive broadcast

multicast-overflow: boolean

multicast table is overflowed or not

unicast-overflow: boolean

unicast table is overflowed or not

main-mac: string

the main macaddr string

vlan-table: array of int

a list of active vlan id

unicast-table: array of string

a list of unicast macaddr string

multicast-table: array of string

a list of multicast macaddr string

Since

1.6

query-rx-filter (Command)

Return rx-filter information for all NICs (or for the given NIC).

Arguments

name: string (optional)

net client name

Returns

list of RxFilterInfo for all NICs (or for the given NIC). Returns an error if the given name doesn’t exist, or given NIC doesn’t support rx-filter querying, or given net client isn’t a NIC.

Since

1.6

Example

-> { "execute": "query-rx-filter", "arguments": { "name": "vnet0" } }
<- { "return": [
        {
            "promiscuous": true,
            "name": "vnet0",
            "main-mac": "52:54:00:12:34:56",
            "unicast": "normal",
            "vlan": "normal",
            "vlan-table": [
                4,
                0
            ],
            "unicast-table": [
            ],
            "multicast": "normal",
            "multicast-overflow": false,
            "unicast-overflow": false,
            "multicast-table": [
                "01:00:5e:00:00:01",
                "33:33:00:00:00:01",
                "33:33:ff:12:34:56"
            ],
            "broadcast-allowed": false
        }
      ]
   }

NIC_RX_FILTER_CHANGED (Event)

Emitted once until the ‘query-rx-filter’ command is executed, the first event will always be emitted

Arguments

name: string (optional)

net client name

path: string

device path

Since

1.6

Example

<- { "event": "NIC_RX_FILTER_CHANGED",
     "data": { "name": "vnet0",
               "path": "/machine/peripheral/vnet0/virtio-backend" },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1368697518, "microseconds": 326866 } }
   }

AnnounceParameters (Object)

Parameters for self-announce timers

Members

initial: int

Initial delay (in ms) before sending the first GARP/RARP announcement

max: int

Maximum delay (in ms) between GARP/RARP announcement packets

rounds: int

Number of self-announcement attempts

step: int

Delay increase (in ms) after each self-announcement attempt

interfaces: array of string (optional)

An optional list of interface names, which restricts the announcement to the listed interfaces. (Since 4.1)

id: string (optional)

A name to be used to identify an instance of announce-timers and to allow it to modified later. Not for use as part of the migration parameters. (Since 4.1)

Since

4.0

announce-self (Command)

Trigger generation of broadcast RARP frames to update network switches. This can be useful when network bonds fail-over the active slave.

Arguments

The members of AnnounceParameters

Example

-> { "execute": "announce-self",
     "arguments": {
         "initial": 50, "max": 550, "rounds": 10, "step": 50,
         "interfaces": ["vn2", "vn3"], "id": "bob" } }
<- { "return": {} }

Since

4.0

FAILOVER_NEGOTIATED (Event)

Emitted when VIRTIO_NET_F_STANDBY was enabled during feature negotiation. Failover primary devices which were hidden (not hotplugged when requested) before will now be hotplugged by the virtio-net standby device.

device-id: QEMU device id of the unplugged device

Arguments

device-id: string

Not documented

Since

4.2

Example

<- { "event": "FAILOVER_NEGOTIATED",
     "data": "net1" }

NetBackend (Enum)

Available netdev backend drivers.

Values

bridge

Not documented

l2tpv3

Not documented

netmap

Not documented

socket

Not documented

tap

Not documented

user

Not documented

vde

Not documented

vhost-user

Not documented

vhost-vdpa

Not documented

Since

6.0

NetdevInfo (Object)

Configuration of a network backend device (netdev).

Members

id: string

Device identifier.

type: NetBackend

Specify the driver used for interpreting remaining arguments.

peer-id: string (optional)

The connected frontend network device name (absent if no frontend is connected).

The members of NetdevBridgeOptions when type is "bridge"

The members of NetdevL2TPv3Options when type is "l2tpv3"

The members of NetdevNetmapOptions when type is "netmap"

The members of NetdevSocketOptions when type is "socket"

The members of NetdevTapOptions when type is "tap"

The members of NetdevUserOptions when type is "user"

The members of NetdevVdeOptions when type is "vde"

The members of NetdevVhostUserOptions when type is "vhost-user"

The members of NetdevVhostVDPAOptions when type is "vhost-vdpa"

Since

6.0

query-netdev (Command)

Get a list of NetdevInfo for all virtual network backend devices (netdevs).

Returns

a list of NetdevInfo describing each netdev.

Since

6.0

Example

-> { "execute": "query-netdev" }
<- { "return": [
         {
             "ipv6": true,
             "ipv4": true,
             "host": "10.0.2.2",
             "ipv6-dns": "fec0::3",
             "ipv6-prefix": "fec0::",
             "net": "10.0.2.0/255.255.255.0",
             "ipv6-host": "fec0::2",
             "type": "user",
             "peer-id": "net0",
             "dns": "10.0.2.3",
             "hostfwd": [
                 {
                     "str": "tcp::20004-:22"
                 }
             ],
             "ipv6-prefixlen": 64,
             "id": "netdev0",
             "restrict": false
         }
     ]
   }

RDMA device

RDMA_GID_STATUS_CHANGED (Event)

Emitted when guest driver adds/deletes GID to/from device

Arguments

netdev: string

RoCE Network Device name

gid-status: boolean

Add or delete indication

subnet-prefix: int

Subnet Prefix

interface-id: int

Not documented

interface-id : Interface ID

Since

4.0

Example

<- {"timestamp": {"seconds": 1541579657, "microseconds": 986760},
    "event": "RDMA_GID_STATUS_CHANGED",
    "data":
        {"netdev": "bridge0",
        "interface-id": 15880512517475447892,
        "gid-status": true,
        "subnet-prefix": 33022}}

Rocker switch device

RockerSwitch (Object)

Rocker switch information.

Members

name: string

switch name

id: int

switch ID

ports: int

number of front-panel ports

Since

2.4

query-rocker (Command)

Return rocker switch information.

Arguments

name: string

Not documented

Returns

Rocker information

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "query-rocker", "arguments": { "name": "sw1" } }
<- { "return": {"name": "sw1", "ports": 2, "id": 1327446905938}}

RockerPortDuplex (Enum)

An eumeration of port duplex states.

Values

half

half duplex

full

full duplex

Since

2.4

RockerPortAutoneg (Enum)

An eumeration of port autoneg states.

Values

off

autoneg is off

on

autoneg is on

Since

2.4

RockerPort (Object)

Rocker switch port information.

Members

name: string

port name

enabled: boolean

port is enabled for I/O

link-up: boolean

physical link is UP on port

speed: int

port link speed in Mbps

duplex: RockerPortDuplex

port link duplex

autoneg: RockerPortAutoneg

port link autoneg

Since

2.4

query-rocker-ports (Command)

Return rocker switch port information.

Arguments

name: string

Not documented

Returns

a list of RockerPort information

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "query-rocker-ports", "arguments": { "name": "sw1" } }
<- { "return": [ {"duplex": "full", "enabled": true, "name": "sw1.1",
                  "autoneg": "off", "link-up": true, "speed": 10000},
                 {"duplex": "full", "enabled": true, "name": "sw1.2",
                  "autoneg": "off", "link-up": true, "speed": 10000}
   ]}

RockerOfDpaFlowKey (Object)

Rocker switch OF-DPA flow key

Members

priority: int

key priority, 0 being lowest priority

tbl-id: int

flow table ID

in-pport: int (optional)

physical input port

tunnel-id: int (optional)

tunnel ID

vlan-id: int (optional)

VLAN ID

eth-type: int (optional)

Ethernet header type

eth-src: string (optional)

Ethernet header source MAC address

eth-dst: string (optional)

Ethernet header destination MAC address

ip-proto: int (optional)

IP Header protocol field

ip-tos: int (optional)

IP header TOS field

ip-dst: string (optional)

IP header destination address

Note

optional members may or may not appear in the flow key depending if they’re relevant to the flow key.

Since

2.4

RockerOfDpaFlowMask (Object)

Rocker switch OF-DPA flow mask

Members

in-pport: int (optional)

physical input port

tunnel-id: int (optional)

tunnel ID

vlan-id: int (optional)

VLAN ID

eth-src: string (optional)

Ethernet header source MAC address

eth-dst: string (optional)

Ethernet header destination MAC address

ip-proto: int (optional)

IP Header protocol field

ip-tos: int (optional)

IP header TOS field

Note

optional members may or may not appear in the flow mask depending if they’re relevant to the flow mask.

Since

2.4

RockerOfDpaFlowAction (Object)

Rocker switch OF-DPA flow action

Members

goto-tbl: int (optional)

next table ID

group-id: int (optional)

group ID

tunnel-lport: int (optional)

tunnel logical port ID

vlan-id: int (optional)

VLAN ID

new-vlan-id: int (optional)

new VLAN ID

out-pport: int (optional)

physical output port

Note

optional members may or may not appear in the flow action depending if they’re relevant to the flow action.

Since

2.4

RockerOfDpaFlow (Object)

Rocker switch OF-DPA flow

Members

cookie: int

flow unique cookie ID

hits: int

count of matches (hits) on flow

key: RockerOfDpaFlowKey

flow key

mask: RockerOfDpaFlowMask

flow mask

action: RockerOfDpaFlowAction

flow action

Since

2.4

query-rocker-of-dpa-flows (Command)

Return rocker OF-DPA flow information.

Arguments

name: string

switch name

tbl-id: int (optional)

flow table ID. If tbl-id is not specified, returns flow information for all tables.

Returns

rocker OF-DPA flow information

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "query-rocker-of-dpa-flows",
     "arguments": { "name": "sw1" } }
<- { "return": [ {"key": {"in-pport": 0, "priority": 1, "tbl-id": 0},
                  "hits": 138,
                  "cookie": 0,
                  "action": {"goto-tbl": 10},
                  "mask": {"in-pport": 4294901760}
                 },
                 {...more...},
   ]}

RockerOfDpaGroup (Object)

Rocker switch OF-DPA group

Members

id: int

group unique ID

type: int

group type

vlan-id: int (optional)

VLAN ID

pport: int (optional)

physical port number

index: int (optional)

group index, unique with group type

out-pport: int (optional)

output physical port number

group-id: int (optional)

next group ID

set-vlan-id: int (optional)

VLAN ID to set

pop-vlan: int (optional)

pop VLAN headr from packet

group-ids: array of int (optional)

list of next group IDs

set-eth-src: string (optional)

set source MAC address in Ethernet header

set-eth-dst: string (optional)

set destination MAC address in Ethernet header

ttl-check: int (optional)

perform TTL check

Note

optional members may or may not appear in the group depending if they’re relevant to the group type.

Since

2.4

query-rocker-of-dpa-groups (Command)

Return rocker OF-DPA group information.

Arguments

name: string

switch name

type: int (optional)

group type. If type is not specified, returns group information for all group types.

Returns

rocker OF-DPA group information

Since

2.4

Example

-> { "execute": "query-rocker-of-dpa-groups",
     "arguments": { "name": "sw1" } }
<- { "return": [ {"type": 0, "out-pport": 2,
                  "pport": 2, "vlan-id": 3841,
                  "pop-vlan": 1, "id": 251723778},
                 {"type": 0, "out-pport": 0,
                  "pport": 0, "vlan-id": 3841,
                  "pop-vlan": 1, "id": 251723776},
                 {"type": 0, "out-pport": 1,
                  "pport": 1, "vlan-id": 3840,
                  "pop-vlan": 1, "id": 251658241},
                 {"type": 0, "out-pport": 0,
                  "pport": 0, "vlan-id": 3840,
                  "pop-vlan": 1, "id": 251658240}
   ]}

TPM (trusted platform module) devices

TpmModel (Enum)

An enumeration of TPM models

Values

tpm-tis

TPM TIS model

tpm-crb

TPM CRB model (since 2.12)

tpm-spapr

TPM SPAPR model (since 5.0)

Since

1.5

query-tpm-models (Command)

Return a list of supported TPM models

Returns

a list of TpmModel

Since

1.5

Example

-> { "execute": "query-tpm-models" }
<- { "return": [ "tpm-tis", "tpm-crb", "tpm-spapr" ] }

TpmType (Enum)

An enumeration of TPM types

Values

passthrough

TPM passthrough type

emulator

Software Emulator TPM type Since: 2.11

Since

1.5

query-tpm-types (Command)

Return a list of supported TPM types

Returns

a list of TpmType

Since

1.5

Example

-> { "execute": "query-tpm-types" }
<- { "return": [ "passthrough", "emulator" ] }

TPMPassthroughOptions (Object)

Information about the TPM passthrough type

Members

path: string (optional)

string describing the path used for accessing the TPM device

cancel-path: string (optional)

string showing the TPM’s sysfs cancel file for cancellation of TPM commands while they are executing

Since

1.5

TPMEmulatorOptions (Object)

Information about the TPM emulator type

Members

chardev: string

Name of a unix socket chardev

Since

2.11

TpmTypeOptions (Object)

A union referencing different TPM backend types’ configuration options

Members

type

• ‘passthrough’ The configuration options for the TPM passthrough type

• ‘emulator’ The configuration options for TPM emulator backend type

data: TPMPassthroughOptions when type is "passthrough"

data: TPMEmulatorOptions when type is "emulator"

Since

1.5

TPMInfo (Object)

Information about the TPM

Members

id: string

The Id of the TPM

model: TpmModel

The TPM frontend model

options: TpmTypeOptions

The TPM (backend) type configuration options

Since

1.5

query-tpm (Command)

Return information about the TPM device

Returns

TPMInfo on success

Since

1.5

Example

-> { "execute": "query-tpm" }
<- { "return":
     [
       { "model": "tpm-tis",
         "options":
           { "type": "passthrough",
             "data":
               { "cancel-path": "/sys/class/misc/tpm0/device/cancel",
                 "path": "/dev/tpm0"
               }
           },
         "id": "tpm0"
       }
     ]
   }

Remote desktop

set_password (Command)

Sets the password of a remote display session.

Arguments

protocol: string

• ‘vnc’ to modify the VNC server password

• ‘spice’ to modify the Spice server password

password: string

the new password

connected: string (optional)

how to handle existing clients when changing the password. If nothing is specified, defaults to ‘keep’ ‘fail’ to fail the command if clients are connected ‘disconnect’ to disconnect existing clients ‘keep’ to maintain existing clients

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If Spice is not enabled, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "set_password", "arguments": { "protocol": "vnc",
                                               "password": "secret" } }
<- { "return": {} }

expire_password (Command)

Expire the password of a remote display server.

Arguments

protocol: string

the name of the remote display protocol ‘vnc’ or ‘spice’

time: string

when to expire the password.

• ‘now’ to expire the password immediately

• ‘never’ to cancel password expiration

• ‘+INT’ where INT is the number of seconds from now (integer)

• ‘INT’ where INT is the absolute time in seconds

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If protocol is ‘spice’ and Spice is not active, DeviceNotFound

Since

0.14

Notes

Time is relative to the server and currently there is no way to coordinate server time with client time. It is not recommended to use the absolute time version of the time parameter unless you’re sure you are on the same machine as the QEMU instance.

Example

-> { "execute": "expire_password", "arguments": { "protocol": "vnc",
                                                  "time": "+60" } }
<- { "return": {} }

screendump (Command)

Write a PPM of the VGA screen to a file.

Arguments

filename: string

the path of a new PPM file to store the image

device: string (optional)

ID of the display device that should be dumped. If this parameter is missing, the primary display will be used. (Since 2.12)

head: int (optional)

head to use in case the device supports multiple heads. If this parameter is missing, head #0 will be used. Also note that the head can only be specified in conjunction with the device ID. (Since 2.12)

Returns

Nothing on success

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "screendump",
     "arguments": { "filename": "/tmp/image" } }
<- { "return": {} }

Spice

SpiceBasicInfo (Object)

The basic information for SPICE network connection

Members

host: string

IP address

port: string

port number

family: NetworkAddressFamily

address family

Since

2.1

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SpiceServerInfo (Object)

Information about a SPICE server

Members

auth: string (optional)

authentication method

The members of SpiceBasicInfo

Since

2.1

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SpiceChannel (Object)

Information about a SPICE client channel.

Members

connection-id: int

SPICE connection id number. All channels with the same id belong to the same SPICE session.

channel-type: int

SPICE channel type number. “1” is the main control channel, filter for this one if you want to track spice sessions only

channel-id: int

SPICE channel ID number. Usually “0”, might be different when multiple channels of the same type exist, such as multiple display channels in a multihead setup

tls: boolean

true if the channel is encrypted, false otherwise.

The members of SpiceBasicInfo

Since

0.14

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SpiceQueryMouseMode (Enum)

An enumeration of Spice mouse states.

Values

client

Mouse cursor position is determined by the client.

server

Mouse cursor position is determined by the server.

unknown

No information is available about mouse mode used by the spice server.

Note

spice/enums.h has a SpiceMouseMode already, hence the name.

Since

1.1

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SpiceInfo (Object)

Information about the SPICE session.

Members

enabled: boolean

true if the SPICE server is enabled, false otherwise

migrated: boolean

true if the last guest migration completed and spice migration had completed as well. false otherwise. (since 1.4)

host: string (optional)

The hostname the SPICE server is bound to. This depends on the name resolution on the host and may be an IP address.

port: int (optional)

The SPICE server’s port number.

compiled-version: string (optional)

SPICE server version.

tls-port: int (optional)

The SPICE server’s TLS port number.

auth: string (optional)

the current authentication type used by the server

• ‘none’ if no authentication is being used

• ‘spice’ uses SASL or direct TLS authentication, depending on command line options

mouse-mode: SpiceQueryMouseMode

The mode in which the mouse cursor is displayed currently. Can be determined by the client or the server, or unknown if spice server doesn’t provide this information. (since: 1.1)

channels: array of SpiceChannel (optional)

a list of SpiceChannel for each active spice channel

Since

0.14

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

query-spice (Command)

Returns information about the current SPICE server

Returns

SpiceInfo

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-spice" }
<- { "return": {
         "enabled": true,
         "auth": "spice",
         "port": 5920,
         "tls-port": 5921,
         "host": "0.0.0.0",
         "channels": [
            {
               "port": "54924",
               "family": "ipv4",
               "channel-type": 1,
               "connection-id": 1804289383,
               "host": "127.0.0.1",
               "channel-id": 0,
               "tls": true
            },
            {
               "port": "36710",
               "family": "ipv4",
               "channel-type": 4,
               "connection-id": 1804289383,
               "host": "127.0.0.1",
               "channel-id": 0,
               "tls": false
            },
            [ ... more channels follow ... ]
         ]
      }
   }

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SPICE_CONNECTED (Event)

Emitted when a SPICE client establishes a connection

Arguments

server: SpiceBasicInfo

server information

client: SpiceBasicInfo

client information

Since

0.14

Example

<- { "timestamp": {"seconds": 1290688046, "microseconds": 388707},
     "event": "SPICE_CONNECTED",
     "data": {
       "server": { "port": "5920", "family": "ipv4", "host": "127.0.0.1"},
       "client": {"port": "52873", "family": "ipv4", "host": "127.0.0.1"}
   }}

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SPICE_INITIALIZED (Event)

Emitted after initial handshake and authentication takes place (if any) and the SPICE channel is up and running

Arguments

server: SpiceServerInfo

server information

client: SpiceChannel

client information

Since

0.14

Example

<- { "timestamp": {"seconds": 1290688046, "microseconds": 417172},
     "event": "SPICE_INITIALIZED",
     "data": {"server": {"auth": "spice", "port": "5921",
                         "family": "ipv4", "host": "127.0.0.1"},
              "client": {"port": "49004", "family": "ipv4", "channel-type": 3,
                         "connection-id": 1804289383, "host": "127.0.0.1",
                         "channel-id": 0, "tls": true}
   }}

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SPICE_DISCONNECTED (Event)

Emitted when the SPICE connection is closed

Arguments

server: SpiceBasicInfo

server information

client: SpiceBasicInfo

client information

Since

0.14

Example

<- { "timestamp": {"seconds": 1290688046, "microseconds": 388707},
     "event": "SPICE_DISCONNECTED",
     "data": {
       "server": { "port": "5920", "family": "ipv4", "host": "127.0.0.1"},
       "client": {"port": "52873", "family": "ipv4", "host": "127.0.0.1"}
   }}

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

SPICE_MIGRATE_COMPLETED (Event)

Emitted when SPICE migration has completed

Since

1.3

Example

<- { "timestamp": {"seconds": 1290688046, "microseconds": 417172},
     "event": "SPICE_MIGRATE_COMPLETED" }

If

defined(CONFIG_SPICE)

VNC

VncBasicInfo (Object)

The basic information for vnc network connection

Members

host: string

IP address

service: string

The service name of the vnc port. This may depend on the host system’s service database so symbolic names should not be relied on.

family: NetworkAddressFamily

address family

websocket: boolean

true in case the socket is a websocket (since 2.3).

Since

2.1

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncServerInfo (Object)

The network connection information for server

Members

auth: string (optional)

authentication method used for the plain (non-websocket) VNC server

The members of VncBasicInfo

Since

2.1

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncClientInfo (Object)

Information about a connected VNC client.

Members

x509_dname: string (optional)

If x509 authentication is in use, the Distinguished Name of the client.

sasl_username: string (optional)

If SASL authentication is in use, the SASL username used for authentication.

The members of VncBasicInfo

Since

0.14

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncInfo (Object)

Information about the VNC session.

Members

enabled: boolean

true if the VNC server is enabled, false otherwise

host: string (optional)

The hostname the VNC server is bound to. This depends on the name resolution on the host and may be an IP address.

family: NetworkAddressFamily (optional)

• ‘ipv6’ if the host is listening for IPv6 connections

• ‘ipv4’ if the host is listening for IPv4 connections

• ‘unix’ if the host is listening on a unix domain socket

• ‘unknown’ otherwise

service: string (optional)

The service name of the server’s port. This may depends on the host system’s service database so symbolic names should not be relied on.

auth: string (optional)

the current authentication type used by the server

• ‘none’ if no authentication is being used

• ‘vnc’ if VNC authentication is being used

• ‘vencrypt+plain’ if VEncrypt is used with plain text authentication

• ‘vencrypt+tls+none’ if VEncrypt is used with TLS and no authentication

• ‘vencrypt+tls+vnc’ if VEncrypt is used with TLS and VNC authentication

• ‘vencrypt+tls+plain’ if VEncrypt is used with TLS and plain text auth

• ‘vencrypt+x509+none’ if VEncrypt is used with x509 and no auth

• ‘vencrypt+x509+vnc’ if VEncrypt is used with x509 and VNC auth

• ‘vencrypt+x509+plain’ if VEncrypt is used with x509 and plain text auth

• ‘vencrypt+tls+sasl’ if VEncrypt is used with TLS and SASL auth

• ‘vencrypt+x509+sasl’ if VEncrypt is used with x509 and SASL auth

clients: array of VncClientInfo (optional)

a list of VncClientInfo of all currently connected clients

Since

0.14

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncPrimaryAuth (Enum)

vnc primary authentication method.

Values

none

Not documented

vnc

Not documented

ra2

Not documented

ra2ne

Not documented

tight

Not documented

ultra

Not documented

tls

Not documented

vencrypt

Not documented

sasl

Not documented

Since

2.3

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncVencryptSubAuth (Enum)

vnc sub authentication method with vencrypt.

Values

plain

Not documented

tls-none

Not documented

x509-none

Not documented

tls-vnc

Not documented

x509-vnc

Not documented

tls-plain

Not documented

x509-plain

Not documented

tls-sasl

Not documented

x509-sasl

Not documented

Since

2.3

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncServerInfo2 (Object)

The network connection information for server

Members

auth: VncPrimaryAuth

The current authentication type used by the servers

vencrypt: VncVencryptSubAuth (optional)

The vencrypt sub authentication type used by the servers, only specified in case auth == vencrypt.

The members of VncBasicInfo

Since

2.9

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VncInfo2 (Object)

Information about a vnc server

Members

id: string

vnc server name.

server: array of VncServerInfo2

A list of VncBasincInfo describing all listening sockets. The list can be empty (in case the vnc server is disabled). It also may have multiple entries: normal + websocket, possibly also ipv4 + ipv6 in the future.

clients: array of VncClientInfo

A list of VncClientInfo of all currently connected clients. The list can be empty, for obvious reasons.

auth: VncPrimaryAuth

The current authentication type used by the non-websockets servers

vencrypt: VncVencryptSubAuth (optional)

The vencrypt authentication type used by the servers, only specified in case auth == vencrypt.

display: string (optional)

The display device the vnc server is linked to.

Since

2.3

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

query-vnc (Command)

Returns information about the current VNC server

Returns

VncInfo

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-vnc" }
<- { "return": {
         "enabled":true,
         "host":"0.0.0.0",
         "service":"50402",
         "auth":"vnc",
         "family":"ipv4",
         "clients":[
            {
               "host":"127.0.0.1",
               "service":"50401",
               "family":"ipv4"
            }
         ]
      }
   }

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

query-vnc-servers (Command)

Returns a list of vnc servers. The list can be empty.

Returns

a list of VncInfo2

Since

2.3

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

change-vnc-password (Command)

Change the VNC server password.

Arguments

password: string

the new password to use with VNC authentication

Since

1.1

Notes

An empty password in this command will set the password to the empty string. Existing clients are unaffected by executing this command.

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VNC_CONNECTED (Event)

Emitted when a VNC client establishes a connection

Arguments

server: VncServerInfo

server information

client: VncBasicInfo

client information

Note

This event is emitted before any authentication takes place, thus the authentication ID is not provided

Since

0.13

Example

<- { "event": "VNC_CONNECTED",
     "data": {
           "server": { "auth": "sasl", "family": "ipv4",
                       "service": "5901", "host": "0.0.0.0" },
           "client": { "family": "ipv4", "service": "58425",
                       "host": "127.0.0.1" } },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1262976601, "microseconds": 975795 } }

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VNC_INITIALIZED (Event)

Emitted after authentication takes place (if any) and the VNC session is made active

Arguments

server: VncServerInfo

server information

client: VncClientInfo

client information

Since

0.13

Example

<-  { "event": "VNC_INITIALIZED",
      "data": {
           "server": { "auth": "sasl", "family": "ipv4",
                       "service": "5901", "host": "0.0.0.0"},
           "client": { "family": "ipv4", "service": "46089",
                       "host": "127.0.0.1", "sasl_username": "luiz" } },
      "timestamp": { "seconds": 1263475302, "microseconds": 150772 } }

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

VNC_DISCONNECTED (Event)

Emitted when the connection is closed

Arguments

server: VncServerInfo

server information

client: VncClientInfo

client information

Since

0.13

Example

<- { "event": "VNC_DISCONNECTED",
     "data": {
           "server": { "auth": "sasl", "family": "ipv4",
                       "service": "5901", "host": "0.0.0.0" },
           "client": { "family": "ipv4", "service": "58425",
                       "host": "127.0.0.1", "sasl_username": "luiz" } },
     "timestamp": { "seconds": 1262976601, "microseconds": 975795 } }

If

defined(CONFIG_VNC)

Input

MouseInfo (Object)

Information about a mouse device.

Members

name: string

the name of the mouse device

index: int

the index of the mouse device

current: boolean

true if this device is currently receiving mouse events

absolute: boolean

true if this device supports absolute coordinates as input

Since

0.14

query-mice (Command)

Returns information about each active mouse device

Returns

a list of MouseInfo for each device

Since

0.14

Example

-> { "execute": "query-mice" }
<- { "return": [
         {
            "name":"QEMU Microsoft Mouse",
            "index":0,
            "current":false,
            "absolute":false
         },
         {
            "name":"QEMU PS/2 Mouse",
            "index":1,
            "current":true,
            "absolute":true
         }
      ]
   }

QKeyCode (Enum)

An enumeration of key name.

This is used by the send-key command.

Values

unmapped

since 2.0

pause

since 2.0

ro

since 2.4

kp_comma

since 2.4

kp_equals

since 2.6

power

since 2.6

hiragana

since 2.9

henkan

since 2.9

yen

since 2.9

sleep

since 2.10

wake

since 2.10

audionext

since 2.10

audioprev

since 2.10

audiostop

since 2.10

audioplay

since 2.10

audiomute

since 2.10

volumeup

since 2.10

volumedown

since 2.10

mediaselect

since 2.10

mail

since 2.10

calculator

since 2.10

computer

since 2.10

ac_home

since 2.10

ac_back

since 2.10

ac_forward

since 2.10

ac_refresh

since 2.10

ac_bookmarks

since 2.10

muhenkan

since 2.12

katakanahiragana

since 2.12

shift

Not documented

shift_r

Not documented

alt

Not documented

alt_r

Not documented

ctrl

Not documented

ctrl_r

Not documented

menu

Not documented

esc

Not documented

1

Not documented

2

Not documented

3

Not documented

4

Not documented

5

Not documented

6

Not documented

7

Not documented

8

Not documented

9

Not documented

0

Not documented

minus

Not documented

equal

Not documented

backspace

Not documented

tab

Not documented

q

Not documented

w

Not documented

e

Not documented

r

Not documented

t

Not documented

y

Not documented

u

Not documented

i

Not documented

o

Not documented

p

Not documented

bracket_left

Not documented

bracket_right

Not documented

ret

Not documented

a

Not documented

s

Not documented

d

Not documented

f

Not documented

g

Not documented

h

Not documented

j

Not documented

k

Not documented

l

Not documented

semicolon

Not documented

apostrophe

Not documented

grave_accent

Not documented

backslash

Not documented

z

Not documented

x

Not documented

c

Not documented

v

Not documented

b

Not documented

n

Not documented

m

Not documented

comma

Not documented

dot

Not documented

slash

Not documented

asterisk

Not documented

spc

Not documented

caps_lock

Not documented

f1

Not documented

f2

Not documented

f3

Not documented

f4

Not documented

f5

Not documented

f6

Not documented

f7

Not documented

f8

Not documented

f9

Not documented

f10

Not documented

num_lock

Not documented

scroll_lock

Not documented

kp_divide

Not documented

kp_multiply

Not documented

kp_subtract

Not documented

kp_add

Not documented

kp_enter

Not documented

kp_decimal

Not documented

sysrq

Not documented

kp_0

Not documented

kp_1

Not documented

kp_2

Not documented

kp_3

Not documented

kp_4

Not documented

kp_5

Not documented

kp_6

Not documented

kp_7

Not documented

kp_8

Not documented

kp_9

Not documented

less

Not documented

f11

Not documented

f12

Not documented

print

Not documented

home

Not documented

pgup

Not documented

pgdn

Not documented

end

Not documented

left

Not documented

up

Not documented

down

Not documented

right

Not documented

insert

Not documented

delete

Not documented

stop

Not documented

again

Not documented

props

Not documented

undo

Not documented

front

Not documented

copy

Not documented

open

Not documented

paste

Not documented

find

Not documented

cut

Not documented

lf

Not documented

help

Not documented

meta_l

Not documented

meta_r

Not documented

compose

Not documented

‘sysrq’ was mistakenly added to hack around the fact that the ps2 driver was not generating correct scancodes sequences when ‘alt+print’ was pressed. This flaw is now fixed and the ‘sysrq’ key serves no further purpose. Any further use of ‘sysrq’ will be transparently changed to ‘print’, so they are effectively synonyms.

Since

1.3

KeyValue (Object)

Represents a keyboard key.

Members

type

One of number, qcode

data: int when type is "number"

data: QKeyCode when type is "qcode"

Since

1.3

send-key (Command)

Send keys to guest.

Arguments

keys: array of KeyValue

An array of KeyValue elements. All KeyValues in this array are simultaneously sent to the guest. A KeyValue.number value is sent directly to the guest, while KeyValue.qcode must be a valid QKeyCode value

hold-time: int (optional)

time to delay key up events, milliseconds. Defaults to 100

Returns

• Nothing on success

• If key is unknown or redundant, InvalidParameter

Since

1.3

Example

-> { "execute": "send-key",
     "arguments": { "keys": [ { "type": "qcode", "data": "ctrl" },
                              { "type": "qcode", "data": "alt" },
                              { "type": "qcode", "data": "delete" } ] } }
<- { "return": {} }

InputButton (Enum)

Button of a pointer input device (mouse, tablet).

Values

side

front side button of a 5-button mouse (since 2.9)

extra

rear side button of a 5-button mouse (since 2.9)

left

Not documented

middle

Not documented

right

Not documented

wheel-up

Not documented

wheel-down

Not documented

Since

2.0

InputAxis (Enum)

Position axis of a pointer input device (mouse, tablet).

Values

x

Not documented

y

Not documented

Since

2.0

InputKeyEvent (Object)

Keyboard input event.

Members

key: KeyValue

Which key this event is for.

down: boolean

True for key-down and false for key-up events.

Since

2.0

InputBtnEvent (Object)

Pointer button input event.

Members

button: InputButton

Which button this event is for.

down: boolean

True for key-down and false for key-up events.

Since

2.0

InputMoveEvent (Object)

Pointer motion input event.

Members

axis: InputAxis

Which axis is referenced by value.

value: int

Pointer position. For absolute coordinates the valid range is 0 -> 0x7ffff

Since

2.0

InputEvent (Object)

Input event union.

Members

type

the input type, one of:

• ‘key’: Input event of Keyboard

• ‘btn’: Input event of pointer buttons

• ‘rel’: Input event of relative pointer motion

• ‘abs’: Input event of absolute pointer motion

data: InputKeyEvent when type is "key"

data: InputBtnEvent when type is "btn"

data: InputMoveEvent when type is "rel"

data: InputMoveEvent when type is "abs"

Since

2.0

input-send-event (Command)

Send input event(s) to guest.

The device and head parameters can be used to send the input event to specific input devices in case (a) multiple input devices of the same kind are added to the virtual machine and (b) you have configured input routing (see docs/multiseat.txt) for those input devices. The parameters work exactly like the device and head properties of input devices. If device is missing, only devices that have no input routing config are admissible. If device is specified, both input devices with and without input routing config are admissible, but devices with input routing config take precedence.

Arguments

device: string (optional)

display device to send event(s) to.

head: int (optional)

head to send event(s) to, in case the display device supports multiple scanouts.

events: array of InputEvent

List of InputEvent union.

Returns

Nothing on success.

Since

2.6

Note

The consoles are visible in the qom tree, under /backend/console[$index]. They have a device link and head property, so it is possible to map which console belongs to which device and display.

Example

1. Press left mouse button.

-> { "execute": "input-send-event",
    "arguments": { "device": "video0",
                   "events": [ { "type": "btn",
                   "data" : { "down": true, "button": "left" } } ] } }
<- { "return": {} }

-> { "execute": "input-send-event",
    "arguments": { "device": "video0",
                   "events": [ { "type": "btn",
                   "data" : { "down": false, "button": "left" } } ] } }
<- { "return": {} }

2. Press ctrl-alt-del.

-> { "execute": "input-send-event",
     "arguments": { "events": [
        { "type": "key", "data" : { "down": true,
          "key": {"type": "qcode", "data": "ctrl" } } },
        { "type": "key", "data" : { "down": true,
          "key": {"type": "qcode", "data": "alt" } } },
        { "type": "key", "data" : { "down": true,
          "key": {"type": "qcode", "data": "delete" } } } ] } }
<- { "return": {} }

3. Move mouse pointer to absolute coordinates (20000, 400).

-> { "execute": "input-send-event" ,
  "arguments": { "events": [
               { "type": "abs", "data" : { "axis": "x", "value" : 20000 } },
               { "type": "abs", "data" : { "axis": "y", "value" : 400 } } ] } }
<- { "return": {} }

DisplayGTK (Object)

GTK display options.

Members

grab-on-hover: boolean (optional)

Grab keyboard input on mouse hover.

zoom-to-fit: boolean (optional)

Zoom guest display to fit into the host window. When turned off the host window will be resized instead. In case the display device can notify the guest on window resizes (virtio-gpu) this will default to “on”, assuming the guest will resize the display to match the window size then. Otherwise it defaults to “off”. Since 3.1

Since

2.12

DisplayEGLHeadless (Object)

EGL headless display options.

Members

rendernode: string (optional)

Which DRM render node should be used. Default is the first available node on the host.

Since

3.1

DisplayGLMode (Enum)

Display OpenGL mode.

Values

off

Disable OpenGL (default).

on

Use OpenGL, pick context type automatically. Would better be named ‘auto’ but is called ‘on’ for backward compatibility with bool type.

core

Use OpenGL with Core (desktop) Context.

es

Use OpenGL with ES (embedded systems) Context.

Since

3.0

DisplayCurses (Object)

Curses display options.

Members

charset: string (optional)

Font charset used by guest (default: CP437).

Since

4.0

DisplayType (Enum)

Display (user interface) type.

Values

default

The default user interface, selecting from the first available of gtk, sdl, cocoa, and vnc.

none

No user interface or video output display. The guest will still see an emulated graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to the QEMU user.

gtk

The GTK user interface.

sdl

The SDL user interface.

egl-headless

No user interface, offload GL operations to a local DRI device. Graphical display need to be paired with VNC or Spice. (Since 3.1)

curses

Display video output via curses. For graphics device models which support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not support a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models support text mode.

cocoa

The Cocoa user interface.

spice-app

Set up a Spice server and run the default associated application to connect to it. The server will redirect the serial console and QEMU monitors. (Since 4.0)

Since

2.12

DisplayOptions (Object)

Display (user interface) options.

Members

type: DisplayType

Which DisplayType qemu should use.

full-screen: boolean (optional)

Start user interface in fullscreen mode (default: off).

window-close: boolean (optional)

Allow to quit qemu with window close button (default: on).

show-cursor: boolean (optional)

Force showing the mouse cursor (default: off). (since: 5.0)

gl: DisplayGLMode (optional)

Enable OpenGL support (default: off).

The members of DisplayGTK when type is "gtk"

The members of DisplayCurses when type is "curses"

The members of DisplayEGLHeadless when type is "egl-headless"

Since

2.12

query-display-options (Command)

Returns information about display configuration

Returns

DisplayOptions

Since

3.1

DisplayReloadType (Enum)

Available DisplayReload types.

Values

vnc

VNC display

Since

6.0

DisplayReloadOptionsVNC (Object)

Specify the VNC reload options.

Members

tls-certs: boolean (optional)

reload tls certs or not.

Since

6.0

DisplayReloadOptions (Object)

Options of the display configuration reload.

Members

type: DisplayReloadType

Specify the display type.

The members of DisplayReloadOptionsVNC when type is "vnc"

Since

6.0

display-reload (Command)

Reload display configuration.

Arguments

The members of DisplayReloadOptions

Returns

Nothing on success.

Since

6.0

Example

-> { "execute": "display-reload",
     "arguments": { "type": "vnc", "tls-certs": true  } }
<- { "return": {} }

User authorization

QAuthZListPolicy (Enum)

The authorization policy result

Values

deny

deny access

allow

allow access

Since

4.0

QAuthZListFormat (Enum)

The authorization policy match format

Values

exact

an exact string match

glob

string with ? and * shell wildcard support

Since

4.0

QAuthZListRule (Object)

A single authorization rule.

Members

match: string

a string or glob to match against a user identity

policy: QAuthZListPolicy

the result to return if match evaluates to true

format: QAuthZListFormat (optional)

the format of the match rule (default ‘exact’)

Since

4.0

AuthZListProperties (Object)

Properties for authz-list objects.

Members

policy: QAuthZListPolicy (optional)

Default policy to apply when no rule matches (default: deny)

rules: array of QAuthZListRule (optional)

Authorization rules based on matching user

Since

4.0

AuthZListFileProperties (Object)

Properties for authz-listfile objects.

Members

filename: string

File name to load the configuration from. The file must contain valid JSON for AuthZListProperties.

refresh: boolean (optional)

If true, inotify is used to monitor the file, automatically reloading changes. If an error occurs during reloading, all authorizations will fail until the file is next successfully loaded. (default: true if the binary was built with CONFIG_INOTIFY1, false otherwise)

Since

4.0

AuthZPAMProperties (Object)

Properties for authz-pam objects.

Members

service: string

PAM service name to use for authorization

Since

4.0

AuthZSimpleProperties (Object)

Properties for authz-simple objects.

Members

identity: string

Identifies the allowed user. Its format depends on the network service that authorization object is associated with. For authorizing based on TLS x509 certificates, the identity must be the x509 distinguished name.

Since

4.0

Migration

MigrationStats (Object)

Detailed migration status.

Members

transferred: int

amount of bytes already transferred to the target VM

remaining: int

amount of bytes remaining to be transferred to the target VM

total: int

total amount of bytes involved in the migration process

duplicate: int

number of duplicate (zero) pages (since 1.2)

skipped: int

number of skipped zero pages (since 1.5)

normal: int

number of normal pages (since 1.2)

normal-bytes: int

number of normal bytes sent (since 1.2)

dirty-pages-rate: int

number of pages dirtied by second by the guest (since 1.3)

mbps: number

throughput in megabits/sec. (since 1.6)

dirty-sync-count: int

number of times that dirty ram was synchronized (since 2.1)

postcopy-requests: int

The number of page requests received from the destination (since 2.7)

page-size: int

The number of bytes per page for the various page-based statistics (since 2.10)

multifd-bytes: int

The number of bytes sent through multifd (since 3.0)

pages-per-second: int

the number of memory pages transferred per second (Since 4.0)

Since

0.14

XBZRLECacheStats (Object)

Detailed XBZRLE migration cache statistics

Members

cache-size: int

XBZRLE cache size

bytes: int

amount of bytes already transferred to the target VM

pages: int

amount of pages transferred to the target VM

cache-miss: int

number of cache miss

cache-miss-rate: number

rate of cache miss (since 2.1)

encoding-rate: number

rate of encoded bytes (since 5.1)

overflow: int

number of overflows

Since

1.2

CompressionStats (Object)

Detailed migration compression statistics

Members

pages: int

amount of pages compressed and transferred to the target VM

busy: int

count of times that no free thread was available to compress data

busy-rate: number

rate of thread busy

compressed-size: int

amount of bytes after compression

compression-rate: number

rate of compressed size

Since

3.1

MigrationStatus (Enum)

An enumeration of migration status.

Values

none

no migration has ever happened.

setup

migration process has been initiated.

cancelling

in the process of cancelling migration.

cancelled

cancelling migration is finished.

active

in the process of doing migration.

postcopy-active

like active, but now in postcopy mode. (since 2.5)

postcopy-paused

during postcopy but paused. (since 3.0)

postcopy-recover

trying to recover from a paused postcopy. (since 3.0)